RMAN 命令

RMAN 命令

2008年06月25日 星期三 11:27连接到目标数据库(不用恢复目录数据库)

rman target / nocatalog显示rman配置

RMAN> show all;＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

报告目标数据库的物理结构

RMAN> report schema;报告陈旧备份

RMAN> report obsolete;报告不可恢复的数据文件 RMAN> report unrecoverable;列出备份信息

RMAN> list backup;RMAN> list backup of database;RMAN> list backup of tablespace table_name;RMAN> list backup of controlfile;RMAN> list backup of spfile;RMAN> list backupset id;＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ 校验备份信息：

RMAN> crosscheck backup;RMAN> crosscheck backup of database;RMAN> crosscheck backup of tablespace system;RMAN> crosscheck backup of controlfile;RMAN> crosscheck backup of spfile;＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ 删除备份

Use the ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR MAINTENANCE command to manually allocate a channel in preparation for issuing a CHANGE, DELETE, or CROSSCHECK command. You can use the RELEASE CHANNEL command to unallocate the channel.

ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR MAINTENANCE device type (disk,sbt ...)

RMAN> delete obsolete; -- 删除陈旧备份RMAN> delete expired backup; RMAN> delete backupset id;RMAN> delete backup; -- 删除所有备份1 列出对应物

RMAN>list incarnation;2 列出备份2.1概述可用的备份 RMAN>list backup summary; B 表示 backup F 表示 FULL A 表示 archive log

0 1 表示 incremental backup

S 说明备份状态 （A AVAILABLE X EXPIRED )2.2按备份类型列出备份 RMAN>list backup by file;

按照 数据文件备份，归档日志备份，控制文件备份，服务器参数文件备份 列出2.3列出详细备份 RMAN>list backup；2.4列出过期备份

RMAN>list expired backup;2.5列出表空间和数据文件备份 list backup of tablespace 和list backup of datafile 输出和list backup 相似

如：list backup of tablespace user_tbs;

list backup of datafile 3;2.6列出归档日志备份 RMAN>list archivelog all; 简要信息

RMAN>list backup of archivelog all; 详细信息2.7列出控制文件和服务器参数文件 RMAN>list backup of controfile; RMAN>list backup of

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RMAN 的 report命令1. 报告最近没有被备份的数据文件 RMAN>report need backup days=3;2. 报告备份冗余或恢复窗口

RMAN>report need backup redundancy=2;

RMAN>report need backup recovery window of 2 days;3.

报告数据文件的不可恢复操作

RMAN>report unrecoverable;4. 报告数据库模式 RMAN>report schema;5. 报告丢弃的备份 如果使用了保存策略，备份会标记为丢弃状态

RMAN>report obsolete; 删除丢弃状态备份RMAN>delete obsolete;=====================================================

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RMAN的crosscheck 命令1 备份集有两种状态

A(Available,RMAN认为该项存在于备份介质上)X(Expired，备份存在于控制文件或恢复目录中，但是并没有物理存在于备份介质上）2 crosscheck 的目的是检查RMAN 的目录以及物理文件，如果物理文件不存在于介质上，将标记为Expired。如果物理文件存在，将维持Available。如果原先标记为Expired的备份集再次存在于备份介质上（如恢复了损坏的磁盘驱动器后），crosscheck将把状态重新从Expired标记回Available。3 crosscheck 输出分两部分。第一部分列出确定存在于备份介质上的所有备份集片，第二部分列出不存在于备份介质上的备份集片，并将其标记为Expired。当设置备份保 存策略后，一个备份过期，crosscheck之后标记为丢弃的备份状态依旧为availabel,要删除丢弃备份

delete obsolete。4 示例： crosscheck backup

crosscheck backup of datafile 1; crosscheck backup of tablespace users; crosscheck backup of controfile; crosscheck backup of controlfile; crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP'; crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2' crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 '

crosscheck backup device type sbt; crosscheck archivelog all;

crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001' crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12; crosscheck archivelog until sequence

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RMAN 的validate 命令1 validate 命令验证备份集片是否能够被还原2 list backup summary; 得到了备份集得主键ID如40，然后validate backupset 40;

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RMAN 的备份保存策略以及change ,delete命令0.带delete参数的change 命令删除备份集，从备份介质，并且从控制文件和恢复目录中删除。 change backupset 117,118 delete; change backuppiece 1304 delete;

change archivelog until logseq =4 delete;1.两类策略：恢复窗口备份保存策略（recovery windows backup retension policy) 基于时间

备份冗余备份保存策略（backup redundancy backup retension policy) 基于备份的数量两类策略互相排斥2.即使使用了备份保存策略，备份到期并不删除，只是在RMAN目录中标记为丢弃，看到的状态依旧为available;

要查看标记为丢弃的备份 report obsolete，只有使用delete obsolete才真正物理删除。3.configure retension policy to recovery window of 7 days;

configure retension policy to redundancy 3;

显示结果 show all;4.查看到期丢弃的备份时，可能需要手工保存一些备份 ，可以使用change 命令带keep 参数，使用

这个命令后，那些被修改的备份将被认为是个long-term backup,不在受保存策略影响也就是说delete obsolete 也不删除。5.要使备份时候不受保存策略影响 ,使用带keep参数的backup 命令

backup database keep forever;

backup database keep 5 days;6.change 命令功能可以修改备份为永久保存并将以及该备份的相关的日志保存下来，保证总能将备份恢复到当前时间点 change backupset 31 keep forever logs;

可以设置备份丢弃的新日期 ，将备份在多保存7 天，7 天后将删除

change backupset 32 keep until time 'sysdata + 7' logs;7.change 可以将备份集设置为unavailable change backupset 33 unavailable;

标记为unavailable状态的备份集并不参与crosscheck; =====================================================

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恢复目录的记录删除1.

$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/prgrmanc.sql 脚本定期删除恢复目录中具有DELETED状态的记录2. 要删除旧的对

应物记录incarnation.必须从DBINC 表中删除这些对应物，使用RC_DATABASE_INCARNATION 视图来确定要删除的对应物。记录要删除的每个对应物的DBINC_KEY 随后启动SQL*Plus,执行delete from dbinc where dbinc_key=2;

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手工同步恢复目录resync catalog;Oracle同步恢复目录的时候，首先创建快照控制文件，然后比较这个文件和恢复目录，完成后，Oracle 更新恢复目录，使恢复目录和控制文件同步 =====================================================

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在RMAN 中存储脚本1，连接到目标数据库和恢复目录 rman target / catalog rman/rman@rman9i2,创建脚本 RMAN>create script my_bk_script 2>{backup database plus archivelog;} create script my_bk_script3,打印脚本 RMAN>print script my_bk_script;

printing stored scipt:my_bk_script

{backup database plus archivelog;}4,运行这个脚本，备份目标数据库

RMAN>run {execute scipt my_bk_script;}5 删除脚本 RMAN>delete script my_bk_script;

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archivelog模式下的完全恢复step1：set oracle_sid=recover rman target rman_backup/password

configure controlfile autobackup on;step2：backup database plus archivelog delete input;step3：shutdown immediate;step4：重命名所有的数据文件和控制文件，不重命名联机重做日志。step5: startup nomount; set DBID=****

restore controlfile from autobackup;

alter database mount;step6: restore database; recover database;

alter database open resetlogs;表空间恢复sql\"alter tablespace users offline\"; sql\"alter tablespace tools offline\";

restore tablespace users,tools; recover tablespace users,tools; sql\"alter tablespace users online\";

sql\"alter tablespace tools online\";数据文件恢复sql\"alter database datafile 3 offline\";

sql\"alter database datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf' offline\";

restore datafile 3

restore datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf'; recover datafile 3

recover datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf'; sql\"alter database datafile 3 online\"; sql\"alter database datafile

'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf'online\";=====================================================

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切换当前的incarnation 回到resetlogs 前RESET DATABASE TO INCARNATION

inc_key=====================================================

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=========RMAN 高级恢复1 基于时间点的恢复 run {

set until time \"to_date('07/01/02 15:00:00','mm/dd/yy hh24:mi:ss')\"' restore database; recover database;

alter database open resetlogs; }2 基于SCN 的恢复 startup mount;

restore database UNTIL SCN 10000; recover database UNTIL SCN 10000;

alter database open resetlogs;3 基于日志序列的恢复 startup mount;

restore database UNTIL SEQUENCE 100 thread 1; recover database UNTIL SEQUENCE 100 thread 1; alter database open resetlogs;

================================== c:\\> rman cmdfile='' log=''