高中英语短文改错常见改错类型总结

纵观近几年高考题中的短文改错，不难看出，其错误形式基本上为：错词占6行左右;正确占一行;多词和缺词一般占3行左右。错误类型主要涉及动词、名词、形容词、副词、冠词、代词、介词、连词、主谓一致、固定结构等语法知识。其中，动词时态、语态、非谓语动词等是考查重点。

1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;② and 前后动词时态不一致; ③主谓不一致; ④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用; ⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

They did not want me to do any work at home; they wantme to devote all my time to my studies.(did 改为do，错误类型属于①)

As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visitingtemples 错误类型属于②)

There will an important game next month. (will

and told stories.

(visiting

改为 visited,

后加be, 错误类型属于④)

改为were，错误类

One evening she told me that something happened whenher parents was out. ( was 型属于③)

2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subject Their word were a greatencouragement to me.(word

改为subjects) 改为words)

改为knowledge)

Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges3. 连词错误：连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/butwho/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。

I have a good friend who

’s name is Liu Mei. (

等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系

whose)

but改为 and)

but)

;多冠

错用了who的所有格形式，改为意为“尽管”，不能再跟

I teach them, play with them, but watch them growingup. (此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，Clever as she is, but she works very hard.(as4. 冠词错误：误用词或少冠词)

As everyone knows, it以其前加 a )

a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定

but连用，所以去掉

);误用a/an 和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指改为the，the same 是固定搭配)

We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a

’s famous mountain with all kindsof pants. (mountain

是可数名词，故

have后加a)

是可数名词需用冠词，所

I hope you have pleasant journey.(journey

5. 形容词和副词错误：系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。 I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词所以要用形容词

wonderful

修饰)

后用形容词，terribly

改为terrible.)

My pronunciation was terribly.(was

6. 代词错误：代词的主格和宾格(I / me; he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。

Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as Iwas learning to express me in simple English. (me 改为 myself )

One day I wrote a little story and showed to myteacher. (to

前加it)

If any one of us had any difficulty in our life andstudy, the other would help him out. (other后加s)

What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupilsand take good care of him. (him

改为them)

(尤其距

7. 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and 连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。

Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy But his parents think go to college is more 式作宾语，read改为reading)

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后需接动名词，talk改为talking)

importantthan playing sports. (go

作主语,应改为 going )

介词后用动名词形

Children may not develop the habit of read and theability to enjoy themselves. (

I particularly enjoyed driving through the countrysidewith you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and 连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致，故saw改为seeing)

8. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差

There are too many people among my family. (among

;介词的多用或少用

改为in ，in my family

为固定搭配)

去掉 at, the moment

引

I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment myhead touched the pillow. (导从句)

短文改错解题思路和检查原则

1.句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词;2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;3. 非谓语动词的用法;4. 名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确;5. 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;6. 代词的格和性的使用是否有误;7. 定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;8. 并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。

短文改错解题四原则1. 改动以最少为原则短文改错解题步骤1. 通读全文，掌握大意解题注意要点和能力培养

1. 核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“

1：1：8”的比例。即多一

词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。

2. 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。

3. 核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。

;2. 整句分析，逐行推敲

;3. 反复通读，复查验证。

;2. 虚词以添加或删除为原则

;3. 实词以改变词形为原则

4. 以保持句子原意为原则。

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