【英语】阅读理解练习题含答案及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解

Finding true love can be prey tough for a lot of people, but a lady from a fairly well-known San Francisco advertising agency seems to think money helps. She is offering $10,000 to any of her friends who can introduce her to her Mr. Right. She wants to find her future husband through this way.

The unnamed husband seeker who sent out the email had just finished reading the best-selling book named Lean In. It was 11 p.m. on a Sunday night and she realized this was the second self-help book she had read in the month. She was still single. Things were not looking fine, but there was hope for her still. If the book had taught her anything, it was that she needed to take a more positive role in finding love. After all, if she wanted to get a better job, she wouldn't just sit outside an employer's building and wait for someone to offer it to her, so why should finding a husband be any different? But instead of going out and meeting new people she decided to write an email to all her friends, offering to give them $10,000 on her wedding day if any of them managed to introduce her to her future husband.

“I am writing you today because I've decided to make an aggressive action plan on finding the man that I get to hang out with forever,” the woman writes in her email. “Introducing me to my husband is just not high on your to-do list. But I think I have an idea that might change that…” You guessed it, and this is where she offers to reward her “closest friends” with cold hard cash. “I will personally give ten thousand dollars to the friend who introduces me to my husband.” Here is how the program works:

Step 1: You set me up on a date with a man. Step 2: I marry that man.

Step 3: I give you $10,000 on my wedding day.

I know you're thinking that this is nuts. Just plain crazy. 'You can find a husband without giving $10,000.' Well for starters, thank you! I'm happy.”

（1）What does the lady offer $10,000 to any of her friends for?

A. Celebrating the fact that she has made a decision to find a husband. B. Checking the power of money among her circle of friends.

C. Encouraging her friends to help find her Mr. Right. D. Sharing her happiness of having found true love.

（2）What does the underlined word “nuts” mean in the last paragraph? A. delicious B. sensible C. angry D. foolish （3）What's the purpose of the author's mentioning getting a better job in Paragraph 2? A. To stress the importance of finding a good job. B. To stress the importance of taking a positive attitude.

C. To show that waiting patiently is necessary to get a job. D. To state that we need to be patient before a job is offered.

（4）What kind of person do you think the lady is?

A. Adventurous B. Imaginative C. Considerate D. Polite

【答案】（1）C （2）D （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。有一位女士为了找到一个丈夫，她许诺谁给她找到了Mr. Right.就给谁$10,000。人们认为她是“傻的”，没有给$10,000也能找到一个丈夫。 (1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“She is offering $10,000 to any of her friends who can introduce her to her Mr. Right.”可知这位女士是为了鼓励朋友们帮助她找到她的Mr. Right.故选C。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据“I give you $10,000 on my wedding day.”和根据最后一段中的“I know you're thinking that this is nuts. Just plain crazy. 'You can find a husband without giving $10,000.' Well for starters, thank you! I'm happy.”这位女士给帮助她找到丈夫的人$10,000。这就是了。没有给$10,000.也能找到一个丈夫。由此推知划线词的意思是“愚蠢的，傻的”。故选D。 (3)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“If the book had taught her anything, it was that she needed to take a more positive role in finding love. After all, if she wanted to get a better job, she wouldn't just sit outside an employer's building and wait for someone to offer it to her, so why should finding a husband be any different?”可知提到一份好工作的目的是强调态度积极的重要性，故选B。

(4)考查推理判断。通读全文，我们可以知道这位女士为了找到一位丈夫，而付出一万美元，谁能帮她找到丈夫，谁就能得到这笔钱。这说明她是一个敢于冒险的人。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

The Hunan Satellite TV(HNTV) show \"Where are we going, Dad?\" is a big hit. Many famous stars brought their children to a strange village alone, and they had to spend 72 hours with their children there. The program fully showed us a modern version of the \"how to be a good father\". As the young parents today are too busy to take care of their children, this new form of \"Lost on the way\" played by nanny Daddy and cute kids triggered(触发)a lot of people's emotional resonance(共鸣). Both the kids and their parents will find that their hearts are being drawn closer. But this kind of feeling has just proved that there is a big spiritual barrier between the modern parents and children.

The TV shows like \"Children are hard to support!\and \"cute kids\" are becoming more and more popular. All of these show the new parents' confusion in children's education and the appeal for the balance between career and family. In real life, on the one hand the young parents feel helpless because they are too busy to accompany their children under the pressures of work and life; on the other hand they continue to do so. The data collected by HNTV shows that nearly two-thirds of their audience are female, among whom 36% are aged from 25 to 34.We can imagine such a scene that one evening a young

mother is watching the show with her young children, while her husband is still at work or trapped in socializing, or maybe is just playing computer games in the bedroom. The story of a child without the company of father is still going on. In fact, it is sometimes the same to mothers. In a modern family, it is often the old who take the responsibility of raising a child. The participation of mother in the children's education is also very low.

It is just this kind of confusion where the parents have gone in the modern family education, and where the parents will guide their children to go that \"Where are we going，Dad?\" shows us. If a child wants to grow up healthily and safely into a modern citizen with independent personality and free spirit, it is very important for him or her to follow the parents who serve as their first teacher. Maybe this is the real reason why such kind of TV programs could get hot. The truth is that children will go where their parents go; and society will go where the children go. （1）In raising a child in modern society, parents should ________. A.play computer games with their children B.keep their children at home to avoid socializing C.balance well between family and career

D.break down the barrier between children and teachers （2）Which of the following can be inferred in the passage? A.Parents shouldn't entirely leave the education of children to the old. B.36% of the audience of the program are female aged from 25-34.

C.The program shows us the confusion where the parents and children will go to play. D.In a modern family it is often mothers who are responsible for raising a child. （3）Which one is the best title of the passage? A.Confusion Behind “Where are we going, dad?” B.Modern Education is Important C.Nanny Daddy and Cute Kids

D.New problems in Modern Children's Education

（4）What attitude towards modern family education does the author express in the second paragraph? A.Proud. B.Worried. C.Optimistic. D.Indifferent. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过讲述热门节目“爸爸去哪儿”展示了现代家庭教育中存在的问题。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“All of these show the new parents' confusion in children's education and the appeal for the balance between career and family.”可知父母必须处理好事业与家庭之间的冲突，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In a modern family, it is often the old who take the responsibility of raising a child.”可知父母把养育孩子的责任交给了自己的父母，也就是爷爷奶奶，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。本文讲述爸爸去哪儿，这个电视节目取得了巨大的成功，得到大家的关注，从而如何教育孩子也就成为当前重要的话题，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。第二段提到孩子很难养，辣妈，潮童，这些流行词汇，所有的这些节目反应家长在平衡家庭与事业之间的矛盾，故作者的态度是很担忧的，所以选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. If that job was left to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a little discouraging.

But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles as fuel —something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.

It's no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way of operating—all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. Today, she is remembered as \"The Mother of Dance,\" with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style to life.

In her autobiography (自传), one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn't constantly watched. The expectations of her mother (who raised her) were open-ended. It was the freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.

Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things: that she was either

completely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing in between. Even when she started working, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn't one moment Duncan doubted her own genius.

There is an old quotation \"if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.\" And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave form to brilliance.

（1）What does the underlined phrase \"treat troubles as fuel\" mean? A.Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream. B.Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles. C.Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl. D.Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan.

（2）Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan? A.Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career. B.Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence. C.Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning. D.Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.

（3）What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph? A.It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish. B.Everybody is a genius in his own way. C.Miseries come from human stupidity. D.Teachers can impact students greatly. （4）What is this passage mainly about? A.Isadora Duncan's childhood and her achievements today. B.Duncan's career development and other dancers' opinions of her. C.Isadora Duncan's early experiences and the reasons for her success. D.Duncan's high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，作者讲述了她的早期的经历以及其取得成功的原因。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence”即使在那个年龄，她也有足够的天赋去挣钱，而且她还有一种罕见的自信；以及“something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her ”能让她心中燃烧的火焰更旺，可推测出划线部分的意思应为“用困难推动她向梦想前进”。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. ”可知，她自信地告诉人们她对舞蹈有不同的看法，她将在

世界上传播。很自然，这在一开始就引起了人们的嘲笑和大笑，但随着她的工作越来越多，这样的事情就不那么频繁了。由此可知，她的舞蹈风格一开始不被人们接受。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.”如果你以爬树的能力来判断一条鱼，它终其一生都会认为自己是愚蠢的。接着又指出在学校里，伊莎多拉·邓肯是个失败者。在舞厅里，她光彩夺目。由此可推断出，作者在最后一段想要告诉我们每个人都是独特的天才。故选B。 （4）考查主旨大意。伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，文章主要介绍了她的经历以及所取得的成功。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

When Andrew Kaplan recalls, his stories leave the impression that he has managed to pack multiple lives into a single existence: A war reporter in his 20s. an army member, a successful businessman and- later. the author of numerous spy novels and Hollywood scripts.

Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become \"AndyBot\"--- a virtual person who will be: immortalized(T F5)in the cloud for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years

If all goes according to plan future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone.

Someday, Kaplan, who playfully refers to himself as a pig, may be remembered as one of the world's first digital humans.

For decades, Silicon Valley futurists have sought to free humanity from the life cycle. Today, a new generation of companies is selling some approximation(近似) of virtual immortality, which gives people the opportunity to preserve one's legacy(遗产) online forever.

Kaplan is eager to become one of the world's first virtual residents, partly because he considers the effort a way to extend closed family bonds over multiple generations.

If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss. \"AndyBot\" may become one of the world's first: meaningful examples, raising complex philosophical questions about the nature of immortality and the purpose of existence itself. （1）What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A.To highlight Kaplan's achievements. B.To introduce the topic- -AndyBot. C.To arouse readers interest in Kaplan. D.To introduce Kaplan's life.

（2）Why did Andrew Kaplan agree to become AndyBot? A.He wanted to share his life experience as long as possible. B.He wanted to make his loved one remember him. C.He believed this action will help with his novels. D.He could live in the cloud to continue his life.

（3）What might the AndyBot do for future generations? A.He may use voice computing platforms. B.He may use a new body to go on living. C.He may offer some guidance. D.He may ask them questions.

（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Philosophical problems can be worked out by modern science. B.People can talk with their late family members freely. C.Scientists have made great progress in computer science. D.There is still a long way for digital humans to go. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）C （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态----数字人。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，当安德鲁·卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：20多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。主要介绍安德鲁·卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become “AndyBot”--- a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan同意变成数字人 ，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become ‘AndyBot’...a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“If all goes according to plan. future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone. ”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

During this shopping season, salesmen will come up with different strategies to get your business. Many product companies use specific colors to cause positive emotions and compete for a sale. However, sight is not the only sensory (感官的) retail that companies use. Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.

Nobel Prize-winning research shows that our sense of smell has great power to cause an emotional response. A study published earlier this year compared purchasing in a French flower shop when the smell of lavender (薰衣草) was given off and when it wasn't. It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases. An earlier study using Nike shoes found that consumers desired the shoes more, and were willing to pay more, when the room had a mixed smell of flowers. Realizing the subconscious impact of smell, many stores apply artificial scents (气味) through their heating and air-conditioning vents (通风口) or place scent machines above their doors. For instance, a coconut scent might make that bikini more appealing as you long for a vacation.

Ever felt frenzied due to a store's fast-paced music? Or calmed by a piece of light music? A retailer's choice of music can have a big impact on consumers' moods. One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store. But interestingly, the researchers did not find a difference in sales or customers' satisfaction. Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music. Just as department stores use different scents in certain departments, many use different music in some areas to appeal to varying consumers.

Well, you could always leave the store and take a break, but the food court probably isn't your best choices as brands like Cinnabon and Panera Bread also use scents as part of their customers' experience. Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home. （1）The passage is mainly about ________. A. consumers' favorite sounds and smells while shopping B. shopping malls' strategies for satisfying consumers C. some special services from super shopping malls D. two factors affecting consumers' shopping decisions （2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A. Decorating stores with flowers becomes a fashion.

B. Shops with special smells can attract more consumers. C. Smells can actually help businessmen gain more profits. D. The products with a kind of special smell are more popular. （3）How does music have an effect on consumers? A. It controls consumers' desire for shopping. B. It influences how long consumers stay in a shop. C. It gives consumers the satisfaction of enjoying shopping. D. Whether consumers are willing to buy things depends on it.

（4）Which of the following can replace the underlined word “frenzied” in Paragraph 3? A. Satisfied. B. Depressed. C. Surprised. D. Excited. （5）What does the writer try to express in the last paragraph? A. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular nowadays. B. People should spend more time at home with family members. C. People can choose to get rid of salesmen's promotion strategies. D. Smells and sounds are important for consumers' shopping experience. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）D （5）C

【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。 （1）主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.（声音和气味也会影响消费者的购买决定）及下文对这两个因素的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。故答案选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中的It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases.（研究发现，这种气味增加了消费者购买物品的数量和购买量）可推知，气味实际上可以帮助商人获得更多的利润。故答案选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store…Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music.（研究发现，当音乐音量过大时，消费者在商店里的时间会减少……最近一项研究的另一个有趣发现是，当顾客接触到不熟悉的音乐时，他们的购物时间实际上更长）可知，音乐会影响消费者在商店里停留的时间。故答案选B。

（4）词义猜测题。A. Satisfied满意的；B. Depressed沮丧的；C. Surprised吃惊的；D. Excited兴奋的。根据第三段中的Or calmed by a piece of light music?（还是听着轻音乐平静下来?）可知，划线词所在句意为“有没有因为商店里快节奏的音乐而感到疯狂?”，由此推知，划线词意为“疯狂的”，疯狂是一种兴奋的状态。故答案选D。

（5）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of

home.（网上零售商使用各种各样的策略来获得你的生意，但你可以忽略这些，享受熟悉的家的味道）可知，作者想要告诉人们，我们可以选择摆脱销售员的促销策略。故答案选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle. Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem. Over the past 10 years, developments in technology have moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality. Now, two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available soon.

The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a prototype (原型) of its flying bicycle. Grant Stapleton, marketing sales director of Malloy Aeronautics, says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly.\" It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed,\" he adds.

Mr. Stapleton says safety was the company's main concern. He says the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors to power the vehicle.

The company is testing a full-size prototype of the Hoverbike, which will most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams.

In New Zealand, Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a full-size prototype of its personal flying device, called the Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30 minutes, up to 1, 000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour.

Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company. He said the Jetpack \"is built around safety from the start\". In his words, \"Reliability is the most important element of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car.

The Jetpack uses a gasoline-powered engine that produces two powerful jet streams. Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute that would be used, if there should be an emergency. \"It starts to work at very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot,\" he adds. Mr. Coker says the Jetpack will be ready for sale soon.

（1）We can learn from the passage that the Hoverbike ________. A. can hardly get in and out of small spaces quickly B. can fly for over 30 minutes, up to 1, 000 meters high C. has been used by the police and emergency rescue teams D. can be transported quickly after being folded and packed

（2）Peter Coker uses the example of Formula One racing car to show that ________. A. the Jetpack is very safe and reliable B. the engine of the Jetpack is powerful C. the actual structure of the Jetpack is unique D. the Jetpack can reach a great speed and height

（3）The underlined word \"It\" in the last paragraph refers to ________.

A. the jet stream B. the engine C. the Jetpack D. the parachute （4）What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage? A. To describe the problems of inventing flying vehicles. B. To introduce the latest development of flying vehicles. C. To show the differences between two flying vehicles. D. To advertise the two personal flying vehicles. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述一种个人飞行工具很快就会应用于现实，然而安全性和强度一直是个大问题，文中介绍了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新的产品，新产品把安全放在首位，并对产品进行了改进。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly. It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed.” 可知，Hoverbike能够很快地进出小空间。它可快速地在大陆上移动，因为它可以折叠和包装。可知，选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第六段Peter Coker说Jetpack从一开始就围绕安全进行的，安全可靠性是最重要的因素。我们在车的现行结构中植入了安全性，非常类似于Formula One赛车。，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute (降落伞) that can be used should there be an emergency. \"It starts to work at very low altitude …., ”Coker先生说Jetpack上也有降落伞，可以在紧急情况下使用。“在海拔非常低的情况下开始用它…”。可知，Jetpack上的降落伞（它）是在海拔低时才用。由此可知it指的是parachute (降落伞)。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段可知，许多人一直梦想能像骑自行车一样简单的飞来飞去，科技的发展让这个梦想很快实现。然而飞行自行车的安全性和强度一直是个大问题。接着下面叙述了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新的产品，新产品把安全放在首位。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

On February 6, Space X, a private US aerospace company owned by Elon Musk, has successfully launched its new Falcon Heavy spacecraft, making it the world's most powerful rocket. Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASA's Saturn V, which was used for the Moon missions in the 1970s. “Falcon Heavy can launch about 64 tonnes into low Earth orbit-that's almost three times more than the current running biggest launch vehicle, Delta IV Heavy, ”Imperial College astrophysicist David Clements told AI Jazeera. According to Space X,

Falcon Heavy can lift into orbit a mass greater than a 737 jet loaded with passengers, crew, luggage and fuel.

The rocket was designed with the idea of earning humans into space and opening the possibility of flying missions with people to the Moon and even Mars. For its first voyage, it carried Musk's $ 100,000 cherry-red Tesla sports car and a fake space-suited human model fixed in the driver's seat. Musk joked that “it may be discovered by some future alien race”.

Falcon Heavy went into space on its last flight on February 6. The launch took place at NASA's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida, the spot also used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches. It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere. Minutes after take-off, the two outer boosters (助推器) landed at the nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

Space X announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space tourists on a trip around the Moon. However, Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for another launch system, the BFR. Recently, Space X scheduled to launch a Falcon 9 rocket for NASA's TESS mission on March 20, 2018. It is reported that Space X is scheduled to complete 30 independent launch missions in 2018, at least half of which will use Falcon 9. （1）Which of the following can function as a rocket?

A. A 737 jet. B. Tesla. C. Saturn V. D. Space X. （2）What do we know about Falcon Heavy from the text?

A. It was the latest rocket in the world. B. It is of the same load as a 737 jet.

C. It is to be found by the creatures in the outer space. D. It was launched at the same place for the Apollo 11 mission.

（3）What delayed the launch of Falcon Heavy?

A. Weather condition. B. Program error. C. Equipment failure. D. Deliberate damage. （4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The BFR will be completed in 2018. B. The vehicle to launch space tourists is unknown. C. Tourists will be sent into space by Falcon 9. D. Falcon 9 will take 15 launch missions. 【答案】（1）C （2）D （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇时文报道类文章。2月6日，伊隆·马斯克的私人航天航空公司Space X成功的发射了猎鹰号重型航天器，使得它成为世界上最强大的火箭。文章介绍了猎鹰号重型航天器的具体情况。

（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASA's Saturn V”可知，Falcon Heavy是Saturn V退役之后的最大的火箭。由此可推知，Saturn V曾经是最大的火箭。故C选项正确。

（2）细节理解题。由第四段中的“The launch took place at NASA's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida, the spot also used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches”可知，发射Falcon Heavy是在佛罗里达州的卡纳维拉尔角空军基地和肯尼迪航天中心。该地也被用来执行阿波罗11号的登月任务。结

合选项，D选项正确。

（3）细节理解题。由第四段中的“It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere”可知，因为天气原因导致它延迟发射。故A选项正确。

（4）推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Space X announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space tourists on a trip around the Moon. However, Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for another launch system, the BFR”可知，Space X宣布最终使用Falcon Heavy将两位付费的游客送入太空进行环月旅游。但是，Musk又说有可能将该任务留给BFR来执行。由此可以推知，到底谁来执行该任务还不确定。故B选项正确。 【点评】阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧：推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。 ①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。

②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。

③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。

8．阅读理解

Kevin Adkins admits that when he lacks confidence, he uses big words to appear smarter, of which most people don't know the meaning. \"Only when I need to impress the person. I prefer using big words,\" says the 45-year-old.

Adkins is not alone. Many people use longer words in place of shorter ones because they know, consciously or unconsciously, that when others form impressions of them after a glance or a short conversation, they often work harder to give the \"right\" impression. \"People think, if I can show that I have a good vocabulary, I'll sound smarter says Daniel Oppenheimer, PhD, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. However, if the listeners do not understand those long words, he adds, it will leave a bad impression instead.

The truth is that it can easily go wrong. \"It's almost a game that two people are playing,\" says Eric Igou, PhD, a social psychologist at Ireland's University of Limerick. \"If the observer, person B, doesn't have the same theory, it can backfire.\" Person A may be regarded as showing off instead of being intelligent.

Using big words may also confuse listeners, which is definitely moving in the wrong direction, \"People associate intelligence with clearness of expressions,\" says Oppenheimer. That's especially true when it comes to the written word. A small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology (应用认知心理学) found that the more writers tried to sound smart, the less intelligent they were considered to be.

So what can you do to sound smarter? Speak clearly and directly. Leave the dictionary at your desk.

（1）Why does Kevin Adkins prefer saying big words sometimes? A.He wants to make himself more easily understood. B.He believes that it is cool.

C.He enjoys the feelings of being mysterious. D.He hopes that what he says sounds smart.

（2）What is Professor Oppenheimer's attitude towards the behavior of using big words? A.Disapproving. B.Favorable. C.Indifferent. D.Cautious.

（3）What does Eric Igou mean by saying \"it can backfire\" in paragraph 3? A.It can catch fire. B.Person B can fire person A. C.It can deliver an opposite effect. D.The observer can also fight back.

（4）What can we learn from the small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology? A.The writer who never uses big words is more intelligent. B.The writer who uses big words the most is the most intelligent. C.People like the writers who only use short and clear expressions. D.The writers should avoid using big words often in their writings. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们将智慧和清晰的表达联系在一起，因此给人留下聪明印象的说话技巧在于你能够让对方很容易地理解你的意思。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Kevin Adkins admits that when he lacks confidence, he uses big words to appear smarter, of which most people don't know the meaning.”可知，Kevin Adkins承认，当他缺乏信心时，他会说一些人们不经常使用的词使自己显得更聪明，而大多数人却不知道其中的含义。因此Kevin Adkins有时喜欢说一些人们不经常使用的词的原因是他希望他所说的话听起来充满智慧。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“However, if the listeners do not understand those long words, he adds, it will leave a bad impression instead.”和第四段中的“Using big words may also confuse listeners, which is definitely moving in the wrong direction, ‘People associate intelligence with clearness of expressions,’ says Oppenheimer.”可知，Oppenheimer教授认为，如果听者不懂说话者的那些长话，这会给听者留下不好的印象。说人们不经常使用的词可能会使听众感到困惑，这会引起人们的误解，人们将智慧与表达的清晰性联系在一起。因此Oppenheimer教授对说话者使用人们不熟悉的词的行为持不赞成态度。故选A。

（3）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“Person A may be regarded as showing off instead of being intelligent.”可知，说长话的人A可能被认为是在炫耀而不能体现其聪明。因此划线句子的意思是“它起到了相反的作用”，即说长话的人达到的效果与预想中的让别人看起来很聪明的效果是相反的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“A small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology found

that the more writers tried to sound smart, the less intelligent they were considered to be.”可知，一项关于应用认知心理学的小型研究发现，作家越是要让自己听起来聪明，他们就越被认为不那么聪明。因此我们可以从应用认知心理学的小型研究了解到作家应避免在写作中经常使用人们不熟悉的词。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

It took me a moment to realize what had happened. Three days had passed and Rita seemed to get weaker and weaker. The rain had stopped. However, the sky was still cloudy, and it was so dark that I couldn't see the buildings even across the road. I took a pressure reading from the weather station: 947mb, which let me know exactly where I was—in the eye of the storm. There were rains and winds still, but not oppressive (难以忍受的)anymore. There was still no power, hot water or food. Besides, I didn't sleep well for all these days, but I felt more relaxed since the weather report said Rita was leaving. What's more, I was luckier than those people who had lost their homes or even worse, lost their lives because of Rita.

As I travelled further to the west, going after the storm, the damage along the way became less severe. I arrived in Houston after a tricky journey with my fuel supplies almost all gone. However, I came across another storm chaser (追逐者) who had 45 gallons of petrol. He helped me and we shared our working experience these days. With a complete stroke of luck I found a run-down hotel that allowed me to have a room overnight before the midnight. Although there was no running water, no power and no air conditioning, I curled up into a corner and fell asleep quickly. I woke up the next morning, and what a change! The sky was blue and cars were moving around. Sirens could be heard as convoys (护航队) of emergency managements started to head west towards where I had come from. \"The storm had stopped and I could go home. I gave all my remaining supplies to other people at the hotel and headed towards the airport. Houston Airport was not damaged, so I took my flight and drank my first hot drink in four days.

All in all, when I came back home, I was proud that I finally made it again to follow and record the storm and I really learned a lot these days. Although it's dangerous, I love my job as not many people would go into the eye of an intense storm.

（1）We can know from the passage that “Rita” is ________.

A. a pet B. a storm C. a friend of the author D. a citizen in Houston （2）What can we infer from the passage?

A. The author was a storm chaser. B. The storm lasted for at least a week.

C. The author didn't like Houston at all. D. Houston was very badly damaged by the storm. （3）How did the author probably feel after the storm?

A. Anxious. B. Disappointed. C. Satisfied. D. Scared. （4）What is the passage mainly about?

A. Ways to survive in a storm. B. The weather changes in Houston. C. The author's experience in the storm. D. Damages caused by the storm in Houston.

【答案】（1）B （2）A （3）C （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴Rita，作者对于自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴，感觉非常骄傲。尽管非常危险，但是作者非常热爱自己的这份工作。

(1)推理判断题。由第二段Besides, I didn't sleep well for all these days, but I felt more relaxed since the weather report said Rita was leaving. What's more, I was luckier than those people who had lost their homes or even worse, lost their lives because of Rita.可知，天气预报报道Rita离开了，它让许多人们失去了家园，甚至失去了生命。结合第一段中I took a pressure reading from the weather station: 947mb, which let me know exactly where I was—in the eye of the storm.可推知，\"Rita”是一次风暴，选B。

(2)推理判断题。由第三段However, I came across another storm chaser (追逐者) who had 45 gallons of petrol.可推知，作者是一位风暴追逐者，选A。

(3)推理判断题。由最后一段All in all, when I came back home, I was proud that I finally made it again to follow and record the storm and I really learned a lot these days. Although it's dangerous, I love my job as not many people would go into the eye of an intense storm.可推知，在这次风暴之后，作者感觉很满意，故选C。

(4)主旨大意题。这篇文章描述了作者亲身经历的一场风暴Rita，作者对于自己能够追逐并且记录这场风暴，感觉非常骄傲。尽管非常危险，但是作者非常热爱自己的这份工作，故选C。

【点评】写作意图、目的、态度推断题

作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。

询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain(解释), prove (证明), persuade(劝说), advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬), criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例说明), argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。

询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(满意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(热情的), subjective(主观的), objective(客观的), matter-of-fact(实事求是的), pessimistic(悲观的), optimistic(乐观的), critical(批评的), doubtful(怀疑的), hostile(敌对的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。

10．阅读理解

A study, conducted by David Evans of the World Bank and Anna Popova of Stanford University, looked at 19 programs around the world in which individuals were given cash transfers from the government, either as a handout or as a \"reward\" for something like getting kids to school on time or taking them to the doctor for checkups.

Evans and Popova looked at the impact those cash transfers had on the family budget and whether or not they led to an increase in spending on alcohol and cigarettes .What they found

was that they almost always led to a reduction in a family's alcohol and tobacco purchases. The news may surprise some people, but it's true, and the researchers have several theories about why.

One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible. Investing in their kids' education or buying healthier and more expensive foods may be within reach now, but without the cash handout, these goals weren't even a possibility. So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality.

Another theory is that people just generally seem to do what they're told. If they are given money and told to use it for their family's welfare, in most cases, they will do just that. And that leads to the third theory: These cash transfers are usually given to women, and studies show that when women control the purse strings, more money is spent on taking care of their children. Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don't waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was previously thought. Instead, they typically use that money for the benefit of their families. And that's money well spent. （1）The study proves that .

A. cash transfers help poor families get what would seem unavailable otherwise B. cash should be given to poor people as a reward for something good for kids

C. given cash handouts, poor people would spend the money on alcohol and tobacco D. poor people would save the cash given by the government for emergency needs

（2）A cash transfer led to a reduction in a family's alcohol and tobacco purchases because . A. the education gained with the cash would help them drop alcohol and tobacco B. the money previously for alcohol and tobacco would help realize their dream

C. buying healthier and more expensive foods left less money for alcohol and tobacco D. that was the promise made before the cash transfer was given to the poor family

（3）In paragraph 5, when the author said \"women control the purse strings\he just meant \" \".

A. women are told what to do B. women are given the money

C. women know what to do with the money D. women have the final word for money （4）The passage mainly tells us .

A. how the study was carried out B. why cash transfer is preferred

C. the findings of a study and explanations to them D. the theories for a study about cash transfers 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，世界银行和斯坦福大学的专家进行了一项研究，给贫穷家庭一笔汇款，结果发现汇款能够减少烟酒方面的花销，作者分析了出现这一现象的原因。

（1）考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don't waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was

previously thought.Instead, they typically use that money for the benefit of their families. And that's money well spent.”可知给贫穷家庭的汇款并不会被使用在酒精和香烟上，很多贫穷家庭会用来改善生活。这与之前的看法是相反的。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段“ One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible. Investing in their kids' education or buying healthier and more expensive foods may be within reach now, but without the cash handout, these goals weren't even a possibility. So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality.”可知当某些家庭得到汇款以后，他们会把这笔钱和用在喝酒抽烟上的钱一起被用在孩子的教育上，或购买之前无法购买的东西上。故选B。

（3）考查句义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的“These cash transfers are usually given to women, and studies show that when women control the purse strings, more money is spent on taking care of their children.”可知当汇款给了女性以后，通常都会有比较好的结果。故划线句指“女性控制花钱的话语权”。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文，世界银行和斯坦福大学的专家进行了一项研究，给贫穷家庭一笔汇款，结果发现汇款能够减少烟酒方面的花销，并分析了出现这一现象的原因。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇调查报告，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

In America, parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential (潜能) to the fullest extent. Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals. American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do, not what they can't. As a result, millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes, diplomats and doctors. Many of them even want to become president.

American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music. They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults.

As we all know, school work is important. But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn from natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work. What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively. As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do, nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities. Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams. They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day. It is a great waste of time to do so.

Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children. I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it.

（1）From the passage, we know the American parents pay much more attention to . A. the social skills than Chinese parents B. their children's studying hard and well C. what their children want but they can't D. extra activities than schoolwork （2）According to the passage, Chinese parents .

A. know more than American parents to educate their children B. owning ambition and confidence is necessary and important

C. pay much more attention to their children's fine future D. don't encourage their children to participate in extra activities

（3）From the passage, we can infer .

A. American children are brave and adventurous B. American children are more active in their studies

C. Chinese children have the ability to communicate effectively D. something should be done to develop the potential of the children in China

（4）What's the writer's attitude towards Chinese education reform?

A. Neutral. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Negative. 【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，比较了中国父母和美国父母不同的教育方式，可喜的是中国父母已经意识到自己的不足，今后将更加注意孩子社交技能的培养。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do”，再根据前三段对美国父母对孩子的社交技能的培养推断美国的父母比中国的父母更重视孩子社交技能的培养。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities”可知中国的父母不鼓励孩子参与额外的活动。故选D。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children”判断中国应该采取措施开发孩子们的潜能了。故选D。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it”可推断作者对中国的教育采取的是积极态度。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of

them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness.

While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some.

Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision.

“We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause.

The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life.

（1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________.

A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs

C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol

（2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision?

A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press.

C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life.

（3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville?

A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake

C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A （2）C （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，五个女孩在假期期间违反团队纪律喝酒，教练对于队员破坏纪律零容忍，责令她们离开团队。五个女孩接受了处罚，并做出了公开道歉。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness.”可知，这几个女孩是很好的队员，她们勇敢承认了违反了团队纪律，并支持教练把她们开除出队的决定。故选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school.”和“They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team.”以及第二段中的“That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision.”可知，这些女孩在体育馆公开承认错误来支持教练的决定。故选C。 (3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make.”和“The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules.”可推断，教练对于队员吸毒喝酒零容忍，坚持将这个五个女孩从团队除名，因此推断她是严厉的。故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。文章讲述了五个女孩因为喝酒被开除出篮球队的故事，文章最后一段对这件事情做了总结，因此可知文章主要想告诉读者这些女孩通过这件事学会了负责任，了解了自己的行为对他人的影响，诚实会让她们一生受益。因此推断A项“在痛苦中成长”为最佳标题。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

Amazon Best Sellers: Best Books A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership-April 17, 2018by James Comey In his book, former FBI director James Comey shares his never-before-told experiences from some of the highest-risk situations of his career in the past two decades of American government, exploring what good, ethical（道德的）leadership looks like, and how it drives sound decisions. His journey provides an entry into the corridors of power, and a remarkable lesson in what makes an effective leader. Hardcover $17.99

12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos- January 23, 2018 by Jordan B. Peterson

What does everyone in the modern world need to know? Famous psychologist Jordan B. Peterson's answer to this most difficult of questions uniquely combines the hard-won truths of ancient tradition with the great findings of most-advanced scientific research. Hardcover $15.57

How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading Revised Edition by Mortimer J. Adler, Charles Van Doren

With half a million copies in print, How to Read a Book is the best and most successful guide to reading comprehension for the general reader, completely rewritten and updated with new material. Originally published in 1940, this book is a rare phenomenon, a living classic that introduces and clarifies the various levels of reading and how to achieve them-from elementary reading, through systematic skimming and inspectional reading, to speed reading. Paperback $10.31

Everybody, Always: Becoming Love in a World Full of Setbacks and Difficult People- April 17, 2018 by Bob Goff Paperback $10.19

What happens when we stop avoiding difficult people and simply love everyone? In his wildly entertaining and inspiring follow-up to the New York Times bestselling phenomenon Love Does, Bob Goff takes readers on a life-altering journey into the secret of living without fear, care, restriction, or worry.

（1）If you want to become an effective leader, you can try ________.

A. How to Read a Book B. Everybody, Always C. 12 Rules for Life D. A Higher Loyalty （2）What do we know about How to Read a Book?

A. It is written by Mortimer J. Adler. B. It is completely the same as the original one. C. It has been published since 1940. D. There are many other books similar to it. （3）We can learn from the passage that ________.

A. All the four books are paperbacks. B. Paperbacks are cheaper than hardbacks. C. Jordan D. Peterson is the former FBI director. 【答案】（1）D （2）C （3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了亚马逊最畅销的几种书。

(1)考查细节理解。根据A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership-April 17, 2018 by James Comey部分中的“His journey provides an entry into the corridors of power, and a remarkable lesson in what makes an effective leader.”可知如果你想要成为一个有效的领导，你可以尝试A Higher Loyalty，故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。根据How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading Revised Edition by Mortimer J. Adler, Charles Van Doren部分中的“Originally published in 1940”可知How to Read a Book最初于1940年出版，故选C。 (3考查)常识理解。平装本比精装本价格要便宜，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和常识理解两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，要求考生朱雀掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

14．阅读理解

Every day I see advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses claiming that it is easy and

quick to learn English. There is even a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage learners even more. When I see advertisements like this, I don't know whether to laugh or cry. But many people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear.

Of course it is clear that students who go to England to learn English have a great advantage over others, but too many cannot afford to do so. Some go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language, let alone produces good pronunciation and intonation.

Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making sentences. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we aren't, because it would make it easier to use their methods.

In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it. Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. It must be real.

There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. They can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life language.

（1）Many people believe advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses probably because .

A. they are encouraged by William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens B. they are eager to learn and then believe them

C. the ways advertised can help them to save time and efforts D. the ways advertised prove effective and helpful

（2）What may behaviorists argue towards English learning?

A. Human beings make more interesting noises than parrots and chimpanzees. B. Human beings should relate their speech to their own lives.

C. Language is a formula with lots of repetitions and practices. D. Language is a means of communication.

（3）What opinion does the author hold?

A. A quick method that suits all the students does exist. B. English can be mastered within a very short period of time.

C. Each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language. D. No one can learn English well without being interested in it.

（4）What ways of learning is suggested by the author?

A. Study abroad. B. Learn communicatively and situationally. C. Follow the behaviorists' approach. D. Teach oneself at home with dictionaries. 【答案】（1）B

（2）C （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了一名语言教师对语言学习的个人看法。他认为学生们喜欢实惠的速成学习方法在情理之中，但是学英语不像广告中所说的那么轻松，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students. ”可知许多人渴望学好这门语言，相信这些广告中宣传的学习语言能速成，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making sentences.”可知现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it.”可知作者认为，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. They can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life language.”可知还有一个相关的问题值得一提：在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。在学习较生疏的内容时，如果有其他学生和我们在实战中一起学习和练习那些陌生的语言形式，用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

15．阅读理解

Amazing concept images have shown what homes of the future could look like, as preparations are made for the world's first free from 3D-printed property (房产).

Experts will build a house called Curve Appeal, which will be 3D-printed off-site before being put together on-site to create two outside walls, a roof and an inside part. These four main sections will then be joined together.

Although 3D-printed buildings have been made before, this home - to be constructed in Chattanooga, Tennessee, later this year — will be the first of its kind, as it will contain no regular shapes or angles. The house is the creation of the design company WATG, based in London and California. The design for Curve Appeal draws inspiration from the Case Study House program. The architects leading the program were famed for constantly pushing the limits in terms of minimalist (极简主义) materials, and trying to create open-plan spaces that focused on enhancing (增强) natural light. In a written statement, a spokesman for WATG said, “Employing many of the same modem design principles, Curve Appeal is the next evolutionary step. It's

important that the architecture and the environment work together harmoniously. The chosen site is steps away from the Tennessee River in a beautiful wooded, sunlit area.”

WATG was awarded the first prize in the Freeform Home Design Challenge in 2016 and given prize money of $ 8,000 to make its plans a reality. The competition was aimed at architects, designers, engineers and artists. Participants were challenged to design a 600 to 800sq ft single-family home that rethinks traditional aesthetics (美学), ergonomics, construction, building systems and structure.

Over the last year, WATG's Chicago office has been developing their design with Branch Technology. This project is currently underway, working towards breaking ground later this year. Once completed, the Curve Appeal home will have open and light-filled inside living spaces. （1）From the passage we can know that Curve Apple .

A. will be different from an ordinary house B. is the first 3D-printed building C. has apparent walls and a roof D. was ever built in the world （2）Where is the architect located according to Paragraph 4?

A. Far away from the Tennessee River. B. In the woods near the Tennessee River. C. Between the Tennessee River and the woods. D. Next to some modem architectures. （3）What does the Freeform Home Design Challenge do?

A. It motivates participants to design at random. B. It emphasizes traditions rather than modernization.

C. It sponsors competitors when necessary. D. It helps put creative ideas into practice. （4）What's the passage mainly about?

A. What our homes will look like in the future. B. The Freeform Home Design Challenge. C. The world's first freeform 3D-printed house. D. The development of 3D in architecture. 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上第一个免费的3D打印房子。 (1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Experts will build a house called Curve Appeal, which will be 3D-printed off-site before being put together on-site to create two outside walls, a roof and an inside part. These four main sections will then be joined together.”可知，Curve Apple不同于一般的房子。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The chosen site is steps away from the Tennessee River in a beautiful wooded, sunlit area.”可知，建筑师住在the Tennessee River附近的树林里。故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“WATG was awarded the first prize in the Freeform Home Design Challenge in 2016 and given prize money of $ 8,000 to make its plans a reality. The competition was aimed at architects, designers, engineers and artists.”可知，the Freeform Home Design Challenge有助于把创造性的想法付诸实践。故选D。

(4)考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“Although 3D-printed buildings have been made before, this

home - to be constructed in Chattanooga, Tennessee, later this year — will be the first of its kind, as it will contain no regular shapes or angles.”可知，本文主要谈论的是世界上第一个免费的3D打印房子。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

16．阅读理解

Daniella Wride was brushing her daughter's long brown hair when she noticed that with each comb, masses of the hair were coming out. That was January 1, 2017. Within 20 days, seven-year-old Gianessa Wride's hair was completely gone, and her doctor said the hair would never grow back. Gianessa had become one of the 6. 8 million Americans with alopecia, an auto-immune disease that causes hair loss.

Alopecia isn't painful, but for kids who suffer from it, the severe pain comes from standing out from the crowd. For the most part, the students in Gianessa's first-grade class in Salem, Utah, were understanding. But the occasional jokes of \"Baldy\"(秃子) made her feel like an abandoned child. \"I didn't want her to feel that she wasn't like the other kids,\" her mother said.\" I tried covering her baldness, but the artificial hair was uncomfortable.\"

Then comes the school's traditional \"Crazy Hair Day\" in April, a great just-for-fun celebration where all the kids and their parents can express their wild sides a bit. Daniella and Gianessa decided that rather than hide Gianessa's baldness under the artificial hair, they would celebrate it. Daniella bought scrapbook-sticker (贴纸) jewels and decorated her head with flowered designs and even a deer. \"They just fit her personality,\" Daniella smiled. \"She's so lovely.\"

On the morning of the competition, Gianessa was nervous. Would her friends think it was funny? However, with her mother's encouragement, she had nothing to fear. Impressive Gianessa was a hit and a winner of the crazy-hair competition. Gianessa is now glad that she dared to go bare. \"I was sad at first when I lost all my hair,\" she told people. \"But now I love being bald. I can do things to my head that other kids can't. I'm thinking now it might be fun to decorate my head with some colourful butterflies and flowers. \"

（1）Why was Gianessa different from other kids? A.She was born bald. B.She suffered from hair loss. C.She was talented in hair designing. D.She had her head fully shaved.

（2）How did others react to Gianessa's disease? A.Her doctor was quite optimistic. B.Her mother gave her artificial hair. C.Her classmates were all considerate. D.Her school offered her special help.

（3）What could Gianessa do on the \"Crazy Hair Day\"?

A.She could tease others. B.She could decorate her hair. C.She could shop scrapbook-stickers. D.She could show her personality.

（4）What is the main idea of the text? A.The girl faced her disease in a most beautiful way. B.The artificial hair built up the girl's confidence. C.The competition served as a way to make a change. D.The disease was cured with mother's love and care. 【答案】 （1）B （2）B （3）D （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个七岁的女孩Gianessa Wride得了一种疾病，掉光了头发还不可能再重新长出来，但是她终于在家人和同学们的帮助下，勇敢地展现她的个性，愉快地生活。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Within 20 days, seven-year-old Gianessa Wride's hair was completely gone, and her doctor said the hair would never grow back.”不到20天，7岁的Gianessa Wride的头发就完全脱落了，医生说她的头发再也长不出来了，可知，Gianessa Wride和其他孩子不一样，因为她遭受脱发之苦。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I tried covering her baldness, but the artificial hair was uncomfortable.”我试着盖住她的秃顶，但人造的头发不舒服)可知，她妈妈给Gianessa戴了假发。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But now I love being bald. I can do things to my head that other kids can't. I'm thinking now it might be fun to decorate my head with some colourful butterflies and flowers.”但现在我喜欢秃顶。我可以做其他孩子做不到的事情。我在想用彩蝶和鲜花来装饰我的头可能会很有趣，可知，Gianessa在“疯狂发型日”能够正视自己，展现她的个性。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“But now I love being bald. I can do things to my head that other kids can't. I'm thinking now it might be fun to decorate my head with some colourful butterflies and flowers.”但现在我喜欢秃顶。我可以做其他孩子做不到的事情。我在想用彩蝶和鲜花来装饰我的头可能会很有趣，结合主要内容为记叙一个七岁的女孩得了一种疾病，掉光了头发还不可能再重新长出来，但是她终于在家人和同学们的帮助下，展现她的个性，愉快地生活。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

17．阅读理解

Twenty-five years ago, as a parent educator, I began reading about the dangers of praise. I was

completely shocked by what I was learning: praise is not good for our kids. How could that be? So I spent years talking with experts, reading about the effects of praise, and finally decided to close the door on praise and focus on building an encouraging family.

Even today, with many studies available to parents, I still hear people say, \"How can that be? How can saying 'Good job' or 'You're smart' be bad?\" I understand. It can be a difficult habit to break.

If we tell a boy \"You are so smart!\" when he brings home an A in his math test, how does he feel when he comes home with a D? If we've told him that he is smart, then he will more likely feel a failure when he struggles with homework — \"I'm supposed to be smart. Why can't I do this?\"

Praise trains children to depend on constant feedback on what a \"great job\" they are doing. This dependency shatters rather than builds children's confidence. Praise trains children to ask, \"Do you like it?\" \"Did I do a good job?\" \"Are you proud of me?\" They begin to believe that what others think is more important than what they think about their achievements and mistakes. Praise breaks the relationship between parents and children. Without even realizing it, parents may be using praise as a tool to direct the child's behavior. The message is clear — I approve of you when you … and I do not approve of you when you … Living with this kind of constant judgment can damage not only the child's confidence but also the relationship.

The solution to the problem of praise is encouragement. Encouragement can be given at any time, to anyone, in any situation. It is a comment, an acknowledgment, a statement that focuses on effort, improvement or choice. Hearing \"You are so smart!\" can leave a child at a loss when they don't do well in a test. Using \"That took a lot of work to come home with an A in your test …\" gives a child the chance to be something else.

（1）What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?

A. Many parents can't get on well with their children. B. The author never shows any approval to his children.

C. It's hard for many parents to believe praise is harmful. D. The author spent 25 years changing people's opinion on praise.

（2）According to the passage, it seems that parents' praise ______. A. can lead to children's being smart B. might have just the opposite effect C. is a good tool to educate their children D. helps them get along well with their children （3）Which of the following is a good example of encouragement?

A. You are very good at math. B. You are the best artist I have ever seen. C. You have a problem and you have to fix it. D. You didn't think you could finish in time, but you did. 【答案】（1）C （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了表扬对孩子成长的害处并提出建议我们应该多鼓励。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段作者的经历以及第二段中的“Even today, with many studies

available to parents, I still hear people say, ‘How can that be? How can saying 'Good job' or 'You're smart' be bad?’ I understand. It can be a difficult habit to break.”可知很多父母不相信表扬是有害的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Praise trains children to depend on constant feedback on what a ‘great job’ they are doing. This dependency shatters rather than builds children's confidence. Praise trains children to ask, ‘Do you like it?’‘Did I do a good job?’ ‘Are you proud of me?’They begin to believe that what others think is more important than what they think about their achievements and mistakes. ”以及第五段中的“Praise breaks the relationship between parents and children.”可知表扬可能会起到适得其反的效果，所以选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It is a comment, an acknowledgment, a statement that focuses on effort, improvement or choice.“可知鼓励是一个评论，认可，你个对于努力，进步，选择的陈述，所以选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

18．阅读理解

What do Leonardo da Vincii, Marie Curie, and Albert Einstein have in common? They were all left-handed, along with other famous people including Brad Pitt Prince William, and Barack Obama. In fact, an estimated 13 percent of the world's population may be left-handed and still most people around the world are right-handed.

What makes a person become right-handed rather than left-handed? As yet no one really knows for sure. One simple idea suggests that people normally get right-handedness from their parents. Studies have found that two right-handed parents have only a 9.5 percent chance of having a left-handed child, whereas two left-handed parents have a 26 percent chance of having a left-handed child. Another common theory is that left-handed people suffer mild brain damage during birth, which makes them left-handed. However, if this theory were true, it would not explain why the percentage of left-banded people is so similar in every society, when birth conditions vary so much from society to society.

Whatever the reasons behind it, people's attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. Statistics show that although 13 percent of young people (10-20 years old) are left-handed, only 6 percent of the elderly are left-handed. Left-handed children used to be punished until they began using their right hand like other children, but today people who are left-handed are no longer looked down on nor are they considered abnormal. For most people today, either case is perfectly acceptable. （1）What makes one right-handed?

A. The environment. B. Mild brain damage during birth. C. The reason is uncertain. D. Other people.

（2）Why is the number of young people who are left-handed bigger than that of the elderly? A. Because the elderly are forced to become right-handed. B. Because left-handed people are considered abnormal.

C. Because left-handedness can be cured. D. Because the young are easily damaged. （3）What does the text mainly talk about?

A. Left-handed people are looked down upon. B. General facts about left-handed people. C. Some famous left-handed people. D. The reasons why people are left-handed. 【答案】（1）C （2）B （3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，关于左撇子现象作者进行了介绍和说明。 （1）考查细节理解。第二段中讲了很多右手的使用比左手平常的可能性原因，根据” As yet no one really knows for sure.”可知，虽然对于右手的使用比左手更为普遍这一现象有不同猜测，但是原因不明。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段“Statistics show that although 13 percent of young people (10-20 years old) are left-handed, only 6 percent of the elderly are left-handed. Left-handed children used to be punished until they began using their right hand like other children, but today people who are left-handed are no longer looked down on nor are they considered abnormal.”可知，以前的左撇子孩子都会受到鄙视或者被认为是不正常的，所以，那一代的孩子会被惩罚直到他们改变这样的习惯，但是，现在人们的态度已经转变了。故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。本文以客观、中立的态度描写了关于“左撇子”的一些事实，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

19．阅读理解

Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?

In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.

It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative and do not like change.

Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.

（1）What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph? A. Some of them are not attractive. B. Most of them are too expensive to preserve. C. They are more pleasing than modern buildings. D. They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.

（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?

A. We should reproduce the same old buildings. B. Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.

C. Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. D. No one understands why people speak against new buildings.

（3）By “move things forward” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “_______”. A. destroy old buildings B. put things in a different place

C. choose new architectural style D. respect people's feelings for historical buildings （4）What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain why people dislike change. B. To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.

C. To warn that we could end up living in caves. D. To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）C （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章是对于现在人们经常讨论的问题——是否现代建筑应该和古老的历史建筑在一起——进行了阐述，在作者看来历史建筑应该保存，但是我们的建筑风格也应该改变，不能因为历史建筑破坏我们的生活。

(1)细节理解题。根据第一段中not all historical buildings are attractive.可知，一些历史建筑不够有吸引力，故选A。

(2)细节理解题。根据第三段首句It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too.可知，一些新建筑破坏了所在的区域，但古建筑也有这种情况，故作者认为一些历史建筑破坏了他们生活的地方，故选C。

(3)推理判断题。根据文章第四段中If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves .（如果建筑师不改变建筑风格，我们现在还住在山洞里面）可推知，“moving things forward”指“选择新的建筑风格”，故选C。

(4)推理判断题。根据文章第一段首句Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?可知，这篇文章是讨论现代建筑是否可以建在历史

遗迹的地方，故选B。

【点评】 英语阅读理解议论文解题技巧：英语议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点2017高考英语阅读理解类型及答题技巧2017高考英语阅读理解类型及答题技巧。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。

20．阅读理解

The more hours that young children spend in child care, the more likely they are to turn out aggressive and disobedient by the time they are in kindergarten, according to the largest study of child care and development ever conducted. Researchers said this correlation (相关性) held true regardless of whether the children came from rich or poor homes, were looked after by a relative or at a center, and whether they were girls or boys.

What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person. What's more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as language and memory, leading some academics to suggest that child care turns out children who are “smart and naughty”.

The government-sponsored research, which has tracked more than 1,300 children at 10 sites across the country since 1991, is bound to cause the debate over child care again: How should people balance work and family? And how should parents, especially mothers. Resolve the demands that are placed on them to be both breadwinners and supermoms?

That debate was already on display at a news briefing yesterday, where researchers themselves had different opinions about the data and its implications (含义). “There is a constant relationship between time in care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression and behavior,” said Jay Belsky of Birkbeck College in London, one of the lead investigators of the study who has previously annoyed women's groups because of his criticisms of child care. “On behalf of fathers or mothers?” interrupted Sarah Friedman, a developmental psychologist at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and one of the other lead scientists on the study. “On behalf of parents and families,” responded Belsky.

“NICHD is not willing to get into policy recommendations.” said Friedman, contradicting her colleague. “There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solution—more hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics.” In an interview after the briefing, Friedman said that asking parents to work fewer hours and spend more time with their children usually

meant a loss of family income, which adversely(不利地) affects children.

Scientists said that the study was highly reliable. But the researchers said they had no idea whether the behavioral difficulties persisted as the children moved to higher grades. （1）Children who spend more time in quality child care will ________.

A. develop greater ability in language B. be easy to manage and less naughty C. possess great risk-taking spirit D. be greedy and mean to their classmates （2）What is still unknown about higher level of aggressiveness in kindergarten children?

A. Whether higher level of aggressiveness can be avoided with longer child care. B. Where longer child care equally affects children from different families. C. Whether aggressiveness is a direct result of longer child care. D. Whether longer child care improves intellectual ability in children. （3）In the fifth paragraph the word “it” probably means ________.

A. NICHD is unwilling to give parents recommendations B. NICHD is willing to give policy advice concerning child care C. the number of hours in child care should be reduced significantly D. parents should discipline the behavior of their children more strictly

（4）According to Friedman, Cutting the number of hours in child care ________.

A. may prevent families from having the necessary financial sources B. will make families unable to enjoy much of the social benefits C. will result in subsequent behavioral difficulties in children

D. should be accompanied with the improvement in the quality of child care 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】调查显示，儿童早期在托管所呆的时间越长，对孩子的负面影响越大。但这里面很多细节之间的相互关联关系还需进一步的研究。

（1）细节理解题。题干：在优质托管所呆更长时间的孩子们会…根据文章中第二段的内容What's more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as language and memory(更重要的是，优质的儿童护理与智力、语言和记忆等智力技能的提高相关)，故A项（发展语言方面更强的能力。）正确，故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段内容对研究不确定内容的表述What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a

mean person.（不确定的是，是否托管所真能导致这些问题，以及是否可能有攻击性的孩子刚好是那些在托管所里呆时间长的孩子。也不清楚减少孩子在托管所的时间是否会减少孩子变成低劣的人的危险。）可知，C项（是否攻击性是长时间呆在托管所的直接结果。）和上文表述一致，故选C。

（3）词义猜测题。根据上文Jay Belsky的观点“There is a constant relationship between time in care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression and behavior,”（托管时间和问题行为有不间断的联系，特别是涉及到攻击性以及问题行为。）Sarah Friedman陈述的观点中说：也有其他需要考虑的可能性。是的，这是一个快速的解决方法，托管更长时间和更多的问题有联系，简单的方法就是减少孩子托管的时间。故这里的it指的是“托管时间应该减少”，故选C。

（4）细节理解题。题干：根据Friedman，减少儿童托管的时间 …。根据Friedman 的观点The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics.（简单的方法是减少托管时间，但是那可能暗示着在经济方面对孩子的发展不利的家庭），故A项（可能阻止一些家庭必要的经济来源。）与文章内容一致，选A. 【点评】关于细节理解题

用细节定位法：细节理解题属于直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的送分题。但由于高考所占的比例很大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：把某词语、某个句子或某具体事实用不同于原文的另一方式或句型表达，即同义改写。解答这类题的窍门是：A)注意掌握英语的多种表达法；B)正确分析词语在句中的作用；C)熟练运用英语的句型转换；D)读懂题干所提出的问题，并准确地找到文中涉及该问题的句子。

比如文章第4小题，首先根据题干内容“根据Friedman，减少儿童托管的时间…”，这里需要在文章中找到表述Friedman 观点的内容，所以快速定位在文章倒数第二段的内容“There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solution-more hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics.”阅读四个选项，可发现A选项（可能阻止一些家庭必要的经济来源。）切合Friedman的观点，故选A。