APG IV_families organized alphabetically within orders

Alphabetical classification of flowering plants (APG IV)

*indicates changed circumscription of a family or newly added families since APG III (2009) †indicates newly added orders since APG III (2009)

AmborellalesMelikyan, A.V.Bobrov&Zaytzeva AmborellaceaePichon, nom. cons.

NymphaealesSalisb. ex Bercht. &J.Presl Cabombaceae Rich. exA.Rich., nom. cons. HydatellaceaeU.Hamann.

NymphaeaceaeSalisb., nom. cons.

AustrobaileyalesTakht. ex Reveal AustrobaileyaceaeCroizat, nom. cons. SchisandraceaeBlume, nom. cons. Trimeniaceae Gibbs, nom. cons.

MAGNOLIIDS

CanellalesCronq.

Canellaceae Mart., nom. cons.

Winteraceae R.Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons.

PiperalesBercht. &J.Presl

*AristolochiaceaeJuss., nom. cons. (incl. HydnoraceaeC.Agardh, nom. cons., Lactoridaceae Engl., nom. cons.)

PiperaceaeGiseke, nom. cons.

SaururaceaeRich. exT.Lestib., nom. cons.

MagnolialesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl AnnonaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

DegeneriaceaeI.W.Bailey&A.C.Sm.,nom. cons. Eupomatiaceae Orb., nom. cons. Himantandraceae Diels, nom. cons. Myristicaceae R.Br., nom. cons. MagnoliaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

LauralesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl Atherospermataceae R.Br.

CalycanthaceaeLindl., nom. cons. GomortegaceaeReiche, nom. cons. HernandiaceaeBlume, nom. cons. LauraceaeJuss., nom. cons.

MonimiaceaeJuss., nom. cons. SiparunaceaeSchodde

INDEPENDENT LINEAGE: UNPLACED TO LARGER CLADE

Chloranthales Mart.

Chloranthaceae R.Br. ex Sims, nom. cons.

MONOCOTS

AcoralesMart. AcoraceaeMartinov

Alismatales R.Br. ex Bercht. &J.Presl Alismataceae Vent., nom. cons.

Aponogetonaceae Planch., nom. cons. AraceaeJuss., nom. cons. ButomaceaeMirb., nom. cons. Cymodoceaceae Vines, nom. cons. HydrocharitaceaeJuss., nom. cons. *Juncaginaceae Rich., nom. cons. *MaundiaceaeNakai

Posidoniaceae Vines, nom. cons.

PotamogetonaceaeBercht. &J.Presl, nom. cons Ruppiaceae Horan., nom. cons.

ScheuchzeriaceaeF.Rudolphi, nom. cons. TofieldiaceaeTakht.

ZosteraceaeDumort., nom. cons.

PetrosavialesTakht.

Petrosaviaceae Hutch., nom. cons.

Dioscoreales Mart.

BurmanniaceaeBlume, nom. cons. Dioscoreaceae R.Br., nom. cons Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon

Pandanales R.Br. ex Bercht. &J.Presl CyclanthaceaePoit. exA.Rich., nom. cons. Pandanaceae R.Br., nom. cons. StemonaceaeCaruel, nom. cons. Triuridaceae Gardner, nom. cons. VelloziaceaeJ.Agardh, nom. cons.

LilialesPerleb

AlstroemeriaceaeDumort., nom. cons.

CampynemataceaeDumort. Colchicaceae DC., nom. cons. CorsiaceaeBecc., nom. cons. LiliaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

MelanthiaceaeBatsch ex Borkh., nom. cons. Petermanniaceae Hutch, nom. cons. PhilesiaceaeDumort., nom. cons. RipogonaceaeConran& Clifford Smilacaceae Vent.,nom. cons.

Asparagales Link

Amaryllidaceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons. AsparagaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

AsphodelaceaeJuss., nom. cons. prop. (=XanthorrhoeaceaeDumort., nom. cons.) AsteliaceaeDumort.

BlandfordiaceaeR.Dahlgren& Clifford BoryaceaeM.W.Chase, Rudall&Conran DoryanthaceaeR.Dahlgren& Clifford Hypoxidaceae R.Br., nom. cons. IridaceaeJuss., nom. cons. IxioliriaceaeNakai

LanariaceaeH.Huber ex R.Dahlgren OrchidaceaeJuss., nom. cons. TecophilaeaceaeLeyb.,nom. cons.

XeronemataceaeM.W.Chase, Rudall&M.F.Fay

ArecalesBromhead DasypogonaceaeDumort. ArecaceaeBercht. &J.Presl, nom. cons.(=PalmaeJuss.,nom. cons.)

CommelinalesMirb. ex Bercht. &J.Presl CommelinaceaeMirb., nom. cons. Haemodoraceae R.Br., nom. cons. Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw Philydraceae Link, nom. cons. PontederiaceaeKunth, nom. cons.

ZingiberalesGriseb.

CannaceaeJuss., nom. cons. CostaceaeNakai Heliconiaceae Vines

LowiaceaeRidl., nom. cons. Marantaceae R.Br., nom. cons. MusaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

Strelitziaceae Hutch., nom. cons. ZingiberaceaeMartinov, nom. cons.

Poales Small

BromeliaceaeJuss., nom. cons. CyperaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

EcdeiocoleaceaeD.W.Cutler& Airy Shaw EriocaulaceaeMartinov, nom. cons. FlagellariaceaeDumort., nom. cons. JoinvilleaceaeToml. &A.C.Sm. JuncaceaeJuss., nom. cons. MayacaceaeKunth, nom. cons.

Poaceae Barnhart, nom. cons. (=GramineaeJuss., nom. alt.) RapateaceaeDumort., nom. cons.

*Restionaceae R.Br., nom. cons. (incl. AnarthriaceaeD.W.Cutler& Airy Shaw, CentrolepidaceaeEndl., nom. cons.) Thurniaceae Engl., nom. cons. TyphaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

XyridaceaeC.Agardh, nom. cons.

PROBABLE SISTER OF EUDICOTS

Ceratophyllales Link

Ceratophyllaceae Gray, nom. cons.

EUDICOTS

RanunculalesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl

BerberidaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

Circaeasteraceae Hutch., nom. cons. EupteleaceaeK.Wilh.,nom. cons. Lardizabalaceae R.Br., nom. cons. MenispermaceaeJuss., nom. cons. PapaveraceaeJuss., nom. cons. RanunculaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

ProtealesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl NelumbonaceaeA.Rich.,nom. cons. PlatanaceaeT.Lestib.,nom. cons. ProteaceaeJuss., nom. cons. SabiaceaeBlume, nom. cons.

TrochodendralesTakht. ex Cronq. TrochodendraceaeEichler, nom. cons.

BuxalesTakht. ex Reveal

*BuxaceaeDumort., nom. cons. (incl. HaptanthaceaeC.Nelson)

CORE EUDICOTS

GunneralesTakht. ex Reveal GunneraceaeMeisn., nom. cons. MyrothamnaceaeNied., nom. cons.

†Dilleniales DC. ex Bercht. &J.Presl DilleniaceaeSalisb., nom. cons.

SUPERROSIDS

SaxifragalesBercht. &J.Presl AltingiaceaeLindl.,nom. cons. AphanopetalaceaeDoweld

Cercidiphyllaceae Engl., nom. cons. Crassulaceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.

CynomoriaceaeEndl. ex Lindl., nom. cons. DaphniphyllaceaeMüll.Arg., nom. cons. Grossulariaceae DC., nom. cons. Haloragaceae R.Br., nom. cons. Hamamelidaceae R.Br., nom. cons. IteaceaeJ.Agardh, nom. cons. PaeoniaceaeRaf., nom. cons.

PenthoraceaeRydb. ex Britton, nom. cons. PeridiscaceaeKuhlm., nom. cons. SaxifragaceaeJuss., nom. cons. TetracarpaeaceaeNakai

ROSIDS

VitalesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl VitaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

Zygophyllales Link

KrameriaceaeDumort., nom. cons. Zygophyllaceae R.Br., nom. cons.

FabalesBromhead

FabaceaeLindl., nom. cons. (=LeguminosaeJuss., nom. cons.) PolygalaceaeHoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. QuillajaceaeD.Don

SurianaceaeArn., nom. cons.

Rosales Bercht. &J.Presl

BarbeyaceaeRendle, nom. cons.

CannabaceaeMartinov, nom. cons. Dirachmaceae Hutch.

ElaeagnaceaeJuss., nom. cons. MoraceaeGaudich., nom. cons. RhamnaceaeJuss., nom. cons. RosaceaeJuss., nom. cons. UlmaceaeMirb., nom. cons. UrticaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

Fagales Engl.

Betulaceae Gray, nom. cons. Casuarinaceae R.Br., nom. cons. FagaceaeDumort., nom. cons.

Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons. Myricaceae Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons. NothofagaceaeKuprian. Ticodendraceae Gómez-Laur. &L.D.Gómez

CucurbitalesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl AnisophylleaceaeRidl.

*ApodanthaceaeTiegh. ex Takht. BegoniaceaeC.Agardh, nom. cons. Coriariaceae DC., nom. cons.

Corynocarpaceae Engl., nom. cons. CucurbitaceaeJuss., nom. cons. DatiscaceaeDumort., nom. cons. Tetramelaceae Airy Shaw

[COM-clade; placement uncertain]

Celastrales Link

Celastraceae R.Br., nom. cons. LepidobotryaceaeJ.Léonard, nom. cons.

OxalidalesBercht. &J.Presl Brunelliaceae Engl., nom. cons. CephalotaceaeDumort., nom. cons. Connaraceae R.Br., nom. cons. Cunoniaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ElaeocarpaceaeJuss., nom. cons. HuaceaeA.Chev.

Oxalidaceae R.Br., nom. cons.

MalpighialesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl Achariaceae Harms, nom. cons.

BalanopaceaeBenth. &Hook.f., nom. cons.

BonnetiaceaeL.Beauvis. ex Nakai CalophyllaceaeJ.Agardh Caryocaraceae Voigt

CentroplacaceaeDoweld& Reveal Chrysobalanaceae R.Br., nom. cons.

ClusiaceaeLindl., nom. cons. (=GuttiferaeJuss., nom. cons.) CtenolophonaceaeExell&Mendonça DichapetalaceaeBaill., nom. cons. ElatinaceaeDumort., nom. cons. ErythroxylaceaeKunth, nom. cons. *EuphorbiaceaeJuss., nom. cons. Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti GoupiaceaeMiers

HumiriaceaeA.Juss.,nom. cons. HypericaceaeJuss., nom. cons. *IrvingiaceaeExell&Mendonça, nom. cons. *Ixonanthaceae Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons. Lacistemataceae Mart., nom. cons. Linaceae DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons. LophopyxidaceaeH.Pfeiff.

MalpighiaceaeJuss., nom. cons. Ochnaceae DC., nom. cons.

Pandaceae Engl. &Gilg, nom. cons.

PassifloraceaeJuss. ex Roussel, nom. cons. *PeraceaeKlotzsch

PhyllanthaceaeMartinov, nom. cons. Picrodendraceae Small, nom. cons.

Podostemaceae Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons. PutranjivaceaeMeisn.

RafflesiaceaeDumort., nom. cons. Rhizophoraceae Pers., nom. cons. SalicaceaeMirb., nom. cons. TrigoniaceaeA.Juss.,nom. cons. ViolaceaeBatsch, nom. cons.

GeranialesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl

*FrancoaceaeA.Juss.,nom. cons. (incl. BersamaceaeDoweld, Greyiaceae Hutch.,nom.

cons.,LedocarpaceaeMeyen, Melianthaceae Horan., nom. cons., RhynchothecaceaeA.Juss. and VivianiaceaeKlotzsch, nom. cons.) GeraniaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

MyrtalesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl AlzateaceaeS.A.Graham

Combretaceae R.Br., nom. cons. Crypteroniaceae A.DC., nom. cons. Lythraceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons.

MelastomataceaeJuss., nom. cons. MyrtaceaeJuss., nom. cons. OnagraceaeJuss., nom. cons.

Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons. Vochysiaceae A.St.-Hil., nom. cons.

CrossosomatalesTakht. ex Reveal AphloiaceaeTakht.

Crossosomataceae Engl., nom. cons. Geissolomataceae A.DC., nom. cons. GuamatelaceaeS.H.Oh&D.Potter StachyuraceaeJ.Agardh, nom. cons. StaphyleaceaeMartinov, nom. cons. StrasburgeriaceaeTiegh., nom. cons.

PicramnialesDoweld

Picramniaceae Fernando & Quinn

HuertealesDoweld

DipentodontaceaeMerr., nom. cons. GerrardinaceaeM.H.Alford

*PetenaeaceaeChristenh.,M.F.Fay&M.W.Chase TapisciaceaeTakht.

SapindalesJuss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl Anacardiaceae R.Br., nom. cons. BiebersteiniaceaeSchnizl. BurseraceaeKunth, nom. cons. KirkiaceaeTakht.

MeliaceaeJuss., nom. cons. NitrariaceaeLindl.

RutaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

SapindaceaeJuss., nom. cons. (incl. XanthocerataceaeBuerki, Callm. & Lowry) Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons.

MalvalesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl BixaceaeKunth, nom. cons. *CistaceaeJuss., nom. cons. CytinaceaeA.Rich.

*DipterocarpaceaeBlume, nom. cons. MalvaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

MuntingiaceaeC.Bayer, M.W.Chase&M.F.Fay NeuradaceaeKostel., nom. cons. SarcolaenaceaeCaruel, nom. cons. SphaerosepalaceaeTiegh. ex Bullock ThymelaeaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

BrassicalesBromhead

AkaniaceaeStapf, nom. cons.

Bataceae Mart. ex Perleb, nom. cons.

Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons.(= CruciferaeJuss., nom. cons.) *CapparaceaeJuss., nom. cons. CaricaceaeDumort., nom. cons. CleomaceaeBercht. &J.Presl Emblingiaceae Airy Shaw

GyrostemonaceaeA.Juss.,nom. cons. Koeberliniaceae Engl., nom. cons. Limnanthaceae R.Br., nom. cons. MoringaceaeMartinov, nom. cons. Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. &Dalziel

*ResedaceaeMartinov, nom. cons. (incl. BorthwickiaceaeJ.X.Su, Wei Wang, Li Bing Zhang &Z.D.Chen, StixidaceaeDoweld) SalvadoraceaeLindl., nom. cons. SetchellanthaceaeIltis

TovariaceaePax, nom. cons.

TropaeolaceaeJuss. ex DC., nom. cons.

SUPERASTERIDS

BerberidopsidalesDoweld

Aextoxicaceae Engl. &Gilg, nom. cons. BerberidopsidaceaeTakht.

Santalales R.Br. ex Bercht. &J.Presl Balanophoraceae Rich., nom. cons. LoranthaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

MisodendraceaeJ.Agardh, nom. cons. “Olacaceae” R.Br., nom. cons. OpiliaceaeValeton, nom. cons.

“Santalaceae” R.Br., nom. cons.(incl. AmphorogynaceaeNickrent& Der, CervantesiaceaeNickrent& Der, ComandraceaeNickrent& Der, NanodeaceaeNickrent& Der) SchoepfiaceaeBlume

CaryophyllalesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl AchatocarpaceaeHeimerl, nom. cons. AizoaceaeMartinov, nom. cons. AmaranthaceaeJuss.,nom. cons. AnacampserotaceaeEggli&Nyffeler

Ancistrocladaceae Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons. AsteropeiaceaeTakht. ex Reveal &Hoogland BarbeuiaceaeNakai

BasellaceaeRaf., nom. cons.

CactaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

CaryophyllaceaeJuss., nom. cons. DidiereaceaeRadlk., nom. cons.

Dioncophyllaceae Airy Shaw, nom. cons. DroseraceaeSalisb., nom. cons.

DrosophyllaceaeChrtek, Slavíková&Studnička FrankeniaceaeDesv., nom. cons. GisekiaceaeNakai

HalophytaceaeS.Soriano *KewaceaeChristenh.

*LimeaceaeShipunov ex Reveal LophiocarpaceaeDoweld& Reveal *MacarthuriaceaeChristenh. *MicroteaceaeSchäferhoff& Borsch *MolluginaceaeBartl., nom. cons. MontiaceaeRaf.

NepenthaceaeDumort, nom. cons. NyctaginaceaeJuss., nom. cons. PhysenaceaeTakht.

*Phytolaccaceae R.Br., nom. cons. PlumbaginaceaeJuss., nom. cons. PolygonaceaeJuss., nom. cons. PortulacaceaeJuss., nom. cons. Rhabdodendraceae Prance *RivinaceaeC.Agardh SarcobataceaeBehnke SimmondsiaceaeTiegh. StegnospermataceaeNakai TalinaceaeDoweld

Tamaricaceae Link, nom. cons.

ASTERIDS

Cornales Link

CornaceaeBercht. &J.Presl, nom. cons. CurtisiaceaeTakht.

GrubbiaceaeEndl. ex Meisn., nom. cons. HydrangeaceaeDumort., nom. cons. Hydrostachyaceae Engl., nom. cons. LoasaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

*NyssaceaeJuss. ex Dumort., nom. cons.

EricalesBercht. &J.Presl

ActinidiaceaeGilg&Werderm., nom. cons. BalsaminaceaeA.Rich.,nom. cons. ClethraceaeKlotzsch, nom. cons.

CyrillaceaeLindl., nom. cons. DiapensiaceaeLindl., nom. cons. EbenaceaeGürke, nom. cons. EricaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

Fouquieriaceae DC., nom. cons. LecythidaceaeA.Rich.,nom. cons.

MarcgraviaceaeBercht. &J.Presl, nom. cons. Mitrastemonaceae Makino, nom. cons. Pentaphylacaceae Engl., nom. cons. PolemoniaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

PrimulaceaeBatsch ex Borkh., nom. cons. RoridulaceaeMartinov, nom. cons. SapotaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

SarraceniaceaeDumort., nom. cons. Sladeniaceae Airy Shaw

Styracaceae DC. &Spreng., nom. cons. SymplocaceaeDesf., nom. cons. Tetrameristaceae Hutch. TheaceaeMirb.,nom. cons.

†IcacinalesTiegh.

*IcacinaceaeMiers, nom. cons.

OncothecaceaeKobuski ex Airy Shaw

†MetteniusalesTakht.

*MetteniusaceaeH.Karst. ex Schnizl.

Garryales Mart.

Eucommiaceae Engl., nom. cons. GarryaceaeLindl., nom. cons.

GentianalesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl ApocynaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

*GelsemiaceaeL.Struwe&V.A.Albert (incl. PteleocarpaceaeBrummitt) GentianaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

Loganiaceae R.Br. ex Mart., nom. cons. RubiaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

†BoraginalesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl

BoraginaceaeJuss., nom. cons. (incl. CodonaceaeWeigend&Hilger)

†VahlialesDoweld Vahliaceae Dandy

SolanalesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl ConvolvulaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

Hydroleaceae R.Br.

MontiniaceaeNakai, nom. cons. SolanaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

SphenocleaceaeT.Baskerv.,nom. cons.

LamialesBromhead

AcanthaceaeJuss., nom. cons. BignoniaceaeJuss., nom. cons. ByblidaceaeDomin, nom. cons.

Calceolariaceae Olmstead [possibly included in Gesneriaceae] Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw

*Gesneriaceae Rich. &Juss., nom. cons. [possibly to include Calceolariaceae] LamiaceaeMartinov, nom. cons. (=LabiataeJuss., nom. cons.) Lentibulariaceae Rich., nom. cons. Linderniaceae Borsch, K.Müll. &Eb.Fisch. Martyniaceae Horan., nom. cons. *Mazaceae Reveal

OleaceaeHoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons.

*Orobanchaceae Vent., nom. cons. (incl. LindenbergiaceaeDoweld, Rehmanniaceae Reveal) PaulowniaceaeNakai

Pedaliaceae R.Br., nom. cons. *PhrymaceaeSchauer, nom. cons. PlantaginaceaeJuss., nom. cons. Plocospermataceae Hutch. Schlegeliaceae Reveal

ScrophulariaceaeJuss., nom. cons. StilbaceaeKunth, nom. cons. TetrachondraceaeWettst. ThomandersiaceaeSreem.

VerbenaceaeJ.St.Hil.,nom. cons.

AquifolialesSenft

AquifoliaceaeBercht. &J.Presl, nom. cons. CardiopteridaceaeBlume, nom. cons. HelwingiaceaeDecne. Phyllonomaceae Small StemonuraceaeKårehed

Asterales Link

Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw ArgophyllaceaeTakht.

AsteraceaeBercht. &J.Presl, nom. cons. (=CompositaeGiseke, nom. cons.) Calyceraceae R.Br. ex Rich., nom. cons. CampanulaceaeJuss., nom. cons. Goodeniaceae R.Br., nom. cons. MenyanthaceaeDumort., nom. cons.

PentaphragmataceaeJ.Agardh, nom. cons. PhellinaceaeTakht. Rousseaceae DC.

Stylidiaceae R.Br., nom. cons.

Escalloniales Link

Escalloniaceae R.Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons.

BrunialesDumort.

Bruniaceae R.Br. ex DC., nom. cons. ColumelliaceaeD.Don, nom. cons.

ParacryphialesTakht. ex Reveal Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw

DipsacalesJuss. ex Bercht. &J.Presl AdoxaceaeE.Mey.,nom. cons. CaprifoliaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

ApialesNakai

ApiaceaeLindl., nom. cons. (=UmbelliferaeJuss., nom. cons) AraliaceaeJuss., nom. cons.

GriseliniaceaeTakht., nom. cons. prop. MyodocarpaceaeDoweld PennantiaceaeJ.Agardh

Pittosporaceae R.Br., nom. cons. Torricelliaceae Hu