《幼儿园建构课题积木建构游戏中问题解决的指导策略研
究申报表》
研究方案
积木建构游戏中问题解决的指导策略研究 一、问题的提出
积木建构游戏是幼儿园最基础的活动之一,它以独具的魅力深受不同年龄段幼儿的青睐。因为幼儿对种类繁多、质地多样、可随意变换、反复创建的积木、积木及生活中随处可得的废旧物品等建构材料爱不释手。其中积木是幼儿非常喜爱的一种游戏材料，它虽然小，但却包罗万象，孩子在积木类建构游戏的中既能玩的愉快又能获得知识，还能发展创造力可以说受益是多方面的。可当教师们深入积木区观察幼儿的建构活动后，却发现了许多新问题:
1.当前幼儿园对积木建构游戏中存在问题的重视程度不够。
积木建构游戏是最基本的游戏，也是每天玩的最多的游戏，同样也是存在问题最多的地方，每次幼儿在游戏之后就开始收拾----拆掉------收好。在其中遇到的问题也在拆掉、收好中消失。当前幼儿园对此项问题还是不够重视得不到很好的解决。
2.幼儿建构技能的贫乏，存在问题的种类多。
针对幼儿在积木建构区游戏时出现的种种问题发现，如开始建构前不会商量;过程中不选地点，而且建构习惯较差，地面上总有没有用的积木;收拾积木的方法不得当，过程中共注意力不集中等等。在全幼儿园都出现此类问题。
3.教师在解决幼儿问题的能力有待提高。 解决游戏中存在的问题是教师指导的重中之重。
本课题旨在通过对中班积木建构游戏中幼儿问题解决的研究，提高教师对积木建构游戏中问题解决能力;为中班幼儿提高搭建水平丰富搭建创意;随幼儿操作能力
的增长提供更多的积木和更长的游戏时间，形成一套中班积木建构游戏管理的有效策略。
二、课题研究的意义
1(积木建构游戏中问题解决对幼儿思维发展的作用 2(积木建构游戏中问题解决对幼儿后续建构的作用 3(积木建构游戏中问题解决对幼儿自豪感培养的作用 三、概念界定
积木建构游戏:是结构游戏的一种。凡利用各种积木结构材料或玩具进行建构的活动都称之为结构游戏。结构游戏是通过幼儿利用各种不同结构材料动手造型的活动，构造物体或建筑物，实现对周围现实生活的反映。这种游戏对幼儿手的技能训练和发展思维能力有十分积极的作用。建构游戏分为积木搭建类、积木插接类、自然物(沙水、雪、土)雕塑类三种类型。本研究主要涉及前面两种。运用插接、嵌接、叠接、扣接、齿轮接、组装接等方法，把积木连接起来，插成各种形状，造型。通过积木结构游戏，幼儿可以自然地获得分解与合成各种形体的经验，并在使用材料中获得数量、高度、长度、上下、左右、宽窄、厚薄、对称等概念，取得组合、堆积、排列各种形体的经验。
四、课题研究的目标
1.通过该课题研究，探索幼儿开展积木建构游戏中问题解决的办法、教师指导Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee \"about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at
all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and
requirements, step method, in accordance with the \"\" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of \"for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations \provisions of the\" twelve \"plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve
their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social
organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership,
leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more
attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against \"four wind\" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the \"four winds\" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in \"image project\\"political project\prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units,
service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something
difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the
market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the
introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core
competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.
语言的组织及教师指导策略，积累幼儿园建构游戏开展的相关经验和做法。 2.通过该课题研究，丰富幼儿在积木建构方面的基本经验和操作技能，发展幼儿的动手能力和创造力，促进幼儿多方面能力的发展。
3.通过课题研究，提升教师指导幼儿开展积木建构游戏中问题解决的能力以及观察幼儿游戏水平的能力，促进教师的专业化发展。
五、研究的对象及方法 研究对象:中四班幼儿30名 研究方法:行动研究
本研究主要采用行动研究，并辅之以观察法、调查法、资料收集法等多种方法制定个性研究方案。首先采用调查法，了解本班幼儿的积木建构能力水平和兴趣爱好，确立积木建构游戏研究的落脚点。其次采用观察法，针对本班的学生进行观察幼儿建构的水平以及主要攒在问题有哪些，逐步修订课题方案，推进课题运行。结合摄像、照相、观察记录等多种手段，课题组成员反思、讨论，确保课题研究顺利进行。 六、课题研究的内容和策略
(一)对幼儿现有积木构建水平的了解
教师首先需要了解每个幼儿当前的积木建构技能的水平，以形成正确的评价，这是有效指导幼儿游戏的基础和前提，也是下阶段开展指导的依据。受幼儿认知能力和小肌肉发展水平的影响，幼儿积木建构的技能有其特定的发展规律，而幼儿积木游戏发展的水平是受制于建构技能水平的。
调查点:
?幼儿对积木游戏材料的喜好兴趣调查
调查内容:对积木使用数量与积木游戏时长的记录调查 ?幼儿积木建构水平能力发展阶段的调查
调查内容:对幼儿作品的记录分析，设计幼儿积木模拟搭建的观察记录表，记录幼儿现有的搭建水平，作为游戏开展指导的依据。
(二)中班幼儿积木建构游戏中存在问题的开展研究 1.积木建构内容的选择: ?积木搭建类
随意摆弄积木——堆高、平铺和重复——架空、插嵌——围合——模式——表征——游戏建构
?积木插接类
(1)以直线为主题展开的插塑内容:宝剑，火车，金箍棒，手枪，飞机，火箭，跷跷板，梳子，火车等
(2)以方形为题主展开的插塑内容:手链，围墙，梯子，火箭箱，镜子，宝塔，滑梯等
(3)以圆形为题主展开的插塑内容:学拼圆形，太阳，棒棒糖，镜子 ，眼镜 ，碗，花篮等
?多元组合类
多种材料组合运用构建的一种方式，包括独立作品的组合、多种材料的运用组合、情景化的构建等。
2.积木建构游戏活动的开展方式:
the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the \"\" look in entingook series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implemion of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping by Sess, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenarg to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation
opinions.Firstroots party organizations. Accordin-months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grassty's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 the
cieployment, according to municipal Party committee \"about carrying out
the party's mass line educational practice activity in ons and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified dOpini2leapfrog development. nancial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promotecy, firal undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment poliarket competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of culture optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of mquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structu-t personnel, and strive to build a highquality management managemen-t the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the
introduction of highthe sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. A ition,s of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competto strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workerowned assets.(five) -social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateon, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the win principle, in the
framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentati-mutual benefit, seeking winective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, s, efft of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizonghs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuikthroung, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breaof brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the
competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful plannie use mum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maxieet Thfficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, strnforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something dilaw e ocus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem ofa set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy fuide, ey performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in \"image project\\"political project\
issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of kn solvthe style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus oy, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve luxur n to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazyleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attentioaul, cip and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhpractice is to seize against \"four wind\" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadershation t empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's eduction and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is noooperaoor, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the ctention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the dore atitive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay mine line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to posmass lvities and the masses of grassroots groups in close
contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the ervice industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education actiits, sdres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window unn internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county
leadership, leadership and leading caroots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules o-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-r the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, nons undeunty and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departmentuilding of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the cohe bhonest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of t and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, embersvagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party mhlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extraw, higsions of the\" twelve \"plan and the
implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses la< The opposition party and government austerity waste
regulations \and ndation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulation, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the fouhemethe mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of \"for the people pragmatic honest people as the t
随意性搭建:幼儿自发自主地自由搭建行为，幼儿可根据自己的意愿随性地拼搭、插建等，活动完全自由化、随性化。对应的往往是独立的桌面搭建游戏。
指向性搭建:针对制定的某一物品进行搭建活动，有相对明确的目标，在现有表征的基础上进行想象构建。
主题性搭建:围绕着一个主题，诸如“树林”“公园”“停车场”等开展的搭建活动，涉及到独立搭建和合作搭建相结合。
活动载体:独立的桌面建构游戏;合作小组区域;大型建构群;亲子搭建等。 3.游戏活动的时间安排及侧重点: (1)时间安排:
?专门的积木建构时间 每周一次大约30~40分钟 技能技巧的学习 ?渗透于区角活动中展开 每周2~3次 合作构建的实践 ?日常随机开展的建构活动 一日活动中的渗透 自主自发的创造 ?大型的亲子互动 每两周一次 家园联动的推动 4. “以物代物”认知能力的培养
幼儿只有具备了一定的表象经验，才能够构建出相应的物品。因此，要注重幼儿“以物代物”能力的培养，丰富幼儿表象经验，激发幼儿游戏兴趣。
?利用一日活动内容帮助幼儿学会观察。
在一日活动中，教师可以整合各个领域的活动目标，给幼儿一定的观察任务，引导幼儿从事物的造型、结构、数量、用途以及与其他事物的联系等方面进行观察思考。另外，对于同一个事物，教师让幼儿从不同的方位和角度去观察，这样既有助于幼儿全面了解事物，也能帮助幼儿更新已有的表象经验，形成新的经验。
?利用多种形式帮幼儿积累表象经验。
形式一:在选择主题时，提供画面信息为幼儿的积木游戏提供根据。画面和积木是两种不同的操作媒介，一个是平面造型，一个是立体造型，要实现两者的转换，又向幼儿提出了一定的经验挑战，满足了幼儿尝试和挑战的心理需求。
形式二:让幼儿学会向同伴学习。教师要有发现的眼光，及时组织幼儿一起观察和学习积木游戏中有创造性的建构，并将其作为榜样，鼓励更多的创新。
形式三:通过模仿建构新造型。当幼儿在建构过程中遇到困难无法解决时，这时可以呈现模仿物，教师与幼儿一起分析模仿物的构造，寻找解决问题的途径。
(三)中班开展积木建构游戏的指导研究 1.确保幼儿积木游戏开展的支持性策略 ?环境创设策略
根据主题创设积木区，在墙饰上提供相应的模拟图片，以及陈列幼儿作品的照片等，也可以随着主题更换墙饰。组织其他孩子进行参观，并请幼儿讲述自己的作品，保证每个孩子都有参与发展的机会，鼓励孩子，增强幼儿的成功感，为幼儿的相互学习打下基础。
搭建小能手:每周让孩子自己去选择搭建小能手，对他进行鼓励表扬。 优秀设计师:根据幼儿的需要，每天评选优秀设计师奖，进行表扬与鼓励。 ?规则建立策略
在进入积木区前引导幼儿自己建立规则意识，如鞋子的摆放位置、不大声喧哗等、积木的合理摆放等。
ethod,nd advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step mof general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions apirit he spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the sing implementation
opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, towroots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the foll-assities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and gractiv educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practiced provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee \"about carrying out the party's mass line Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central an3industry group mission to promote leapfrog
development.and pment, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprisesupport the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial develo ocialompetitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about spromote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure
optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core c quality professional management team, hard work, and-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-on of highent and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development,
vigorously the introductinagemcrisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve ma and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense ofowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education -the value of statectivities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that , examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic awin principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation-egional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking winand rTo further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries n and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources.enatiod, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alientrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the branConc brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition
performance, enhance the competitive strength. evelop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establishs to dproblem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditionoor hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the the dt active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is no y. Theolitical project\and a policy, there are countermeasures counteadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in \"image project\solving the \"four winds\" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the cony discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let groout aon eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, with rests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especiallyinte large scale
investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the s asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of
the style, scale behavior to aroblemhe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against \"four wind\" this focus on centralized solve outstanding p, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskTcticerly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision prapay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orde oblem,ore emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the prs a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, musly aof Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's
education.Always speak serioillages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority and v rvision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streetsership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supewith step by step.To adhere to the county lead roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-y, village, nonmunitunty and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the
township, street, and comthe ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the co y andnforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the countof the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further rei style e strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change theracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of peoplreaucof close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bu cial regulations, municipal provisions of the\" twelve \"plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work styleprovinment the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations \masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implee to e pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, servicin accordance with the \"\" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of \"for the peopl
收放小能手:每次收放积木后评选出最佳收放小能手，对其进行表扬与鼓励。 ?材料投放策略
(1) (1)提供足够数量和种类的玩具
教师应根据游戏的发展和幼儿的需要，有目的、有计划地提供数量和种类都适宜的结构材料。
(2) (2)提供适合幼儿年龄特点和发展水平的材料
提供给幼儿的材料应适合幼儿的年龄特点和发展水平。针对结构能力强的幼儿应多提供辅助材料进行结构，对于能力弱的幼儿应提供结构简单易于操作的材料。
(3) (3)根据游戏内容的变化及时调整材料
在幼儿需要更换主题时，教师事先考虑幼儿可能会需要的材料，并及时调整原有的游戏材料，尽可能提供充足数量和种类的材料。材料的投放要丰富，还要注意层次性，尤其是辅助材料的投放，可以选择人物模型、动物模型、交通工具的模型、花草树木、其他拼插组合的玩具等。
2.幼儿积木游戏开展的教师指导策略 ?改善引导策略
(1)游戏过程中给幼儿足够的自主性
游戏的主体是幼儿，教师应该给幼儿足够的自主性，鼓励幼儿根据自己的目的选择所需的游戏内容和材料。教师不要对游戏的内容做过多限制，允许并鼓励幼儿创新，启发幼儿积极运用各种材料进行创造。
(2)采取适当的介入方式
教师应多采用平行介入法和交叉式介入法。平行介入法是指教师在幼儿附近，与幼儿玩相同或不同材料和情节的游戏，目的在于引导幼儿模仿，教师起到暗示指导的作用。交叉式介入法是指当幼儿有教师参与的需要或教师认为有指导的必要时，由幼儿邀请教师作为游戏中的某一角色或教师自己扮演一个角色进入幼儿的游戏，通过教师与幼儿、角色与角色间的互动，起到指导幼儿游戏的作用。垂直介入法只在幼儿有不安全倾向的时候使用，一般情况下不宜多用。
(3)用照片、图谱记录的方式，激发建构兴趣
用照相机拍摄孩子搭积木的作品，或者画下孩子的作品，写上孩子的姓名，贴到积木区的墙上，供孩子们观看及学习。这样一来，孩子们为了让老师拍下自己的作品，他们开始注意搭新的花样。用照片、图谱记录使孩子们体验到成功的快乐，进一步激发了幼儿对建构活动的兴趣，同时也使幼儿有了保存、珍视和欣赏自己和他人作品的意识。
?操作指导策略 (1)完整的操作指导
适合于刚刚接触积木游戏还处于摆弄积木阶段的幼儿，通过教师操作演示一个完整的积木建构过程，让幼儿了解积木游戏的玩法和相关步骤。
(2)细节的操作指导
一般适用于在幼儿出现困难无法解决时或是需要比较高的手眼协调能力才能成功完成的建构。
示范法:如建筑物中的镂空，它要求在部分堆积好的积木中抽取一块或几块积木。这样的建构对幼儿来说有些困难，很多幼儿想要建构镂空但不知如何操作，还
and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, embersvagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party mhlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism,
bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extraw, higsions of the\" twelve \"plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses la< The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations \municipal provis and ndation of consolidating grassroots, promote
transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulation, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the fouhemethe mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of \"for the people pragmatic honest people as the t the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the \"\" look in entingook series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implemion of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping by Sess, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenarg to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.Firstroots party organizations. Accordin-months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grassty's
implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 the cieployment, according to municipal Party committee \"about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in ons and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified dOpini4leapfrog development. nancial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promotecy, firal undertakings
in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment poliarket competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of culture optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of mquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structu-t personnel, and strive to build a highquality management managemen-t the same time, according to the need of
industrial development, vigorously the introduction of highthe sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. A ition,s of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competto strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workerowned assets.(five) -social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateon, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentati-mutual benefit, seeking winective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, s, efft of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizonghs, to enhance the
competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuikthroung, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breaof brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful plannie use mum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maxieet Thfficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, strnforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something dilaw e ocus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem ofa set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy fuide, ey performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in \"image project\project\central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of kn solvthe style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus oy, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve luxur n to solve
practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazyleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attentioaul, cip and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhpractice is to seize against \"four wind\" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadershation t empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's eduction and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is noooperaoor, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the
classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the ctention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the dore atitive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay mine line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to posmass lvities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the ervice industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education actiits, sdres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window unn internal institutions.
Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county
leadership, leadership and leading caroots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules o-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-r the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, nons undeunty and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departmentuilding of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the cohe bhonest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of t
有部分幼儿无法抽取木块，这时教师的操作演示就可以起到很好的指导作用。 试误法:部分细节操作可以帮助幼儿试误，最终获得好的建构方式。在孩子们搭建的过程中，会遇到各种各样的问题，教师应该适度支持，不应急于指导，应该给孩子充分的操作时间，让他们在探索中体验成功和失败，让孩子们去尝试搭建，在一次次的搭建中找到最好的搭建方法，得出最重要的是四角的支撑，支撑物结实，才能搭建好。
讨论法:教师可以运用幼儿讨论的种种办法建构部分细节，在不断操作实验的基础上，引导幼儿了解正确的建构方法。教师与幼儿的讨论主要以确定游戏主题和激活幼儿的表象经验为主要目的。主题一般来源于幼儿比较熟悉的或者是近期接触的事物或活动，教师要尊重幼儿的建构愿望，组织他们在商量中协调意见、确定主题。在确定主题之后，教师要引导幼儿积极回忆所要建构物的外形特征(形状、大小、颜色等)，尤其是一些标志性特征，如教堂的尖屋顶、城墙的凹凸线条、宫殿
的圆柱，等等。如果有可供参考或直接模拟建构的平面或立体造型，教师应该引导幼儿仔细观察和讨论图形的整体形象以及细节特征。
?选择适当的评价方式 (1)采用多样的评价方式
教师可以综合采用反映式、问题式、欣赏式的评价方式。在对活动情况进行基本阐述的反映式评价过后，如果教师想引导幼儿更加深入地分析问题和解决问题，就可以采用问题式评价;而如果重点想引导幼儿学习作品，则应采用欣赏式评价，更多地引导幼儿进行欣赏作品。采用多样的评价方式，可使评价较好地达到既定目标。
(2)评价应注重解决问题，提升幼儿游戏水平
评价环节是引导幼儿提升游戏水平的重要环节。讲评时，教师从本次活动目标的角度引导幼儿思考，对照教师的引入环节分析实现程度，并针对目标的实现程度分析成功或失败的原因。也可以引导幼儿针对游戏过程中出现的主要问题进行思考，提出解决的方法或改进措施，还可以从推进下一次游戏的角度进行思考，探究如何搭建出更好的作品，提出更深层次的要求，引导幼儿能够逐步完善，以逐步提高幼儿的游戏水平，促进幼儿的发展。
七、课题研究过程:
(一)前期准备阶段(2011.9——2011.12)
1(课题立项准备:收集相关资料，进行调查与分析，初步设计课题研究方案。 2(制定课题工作计划，确立研究的重点与难点。
3(加强学习，更新教育观念，提高教育教学、教育科研能力。 (二)具体实施阶段(2012.1——2012.7)
1(搭建课题研究网络平台，根据方案开展研究工作。 2(开展课题观摩活动。
3(做好个案资料和游戏集等课题研究资料的积累、整理工作。 (三)总结结题阶段(2012.8——2012.10) 1(撰写课题结题报告。
2(收集整理各类资料，完成课题结题工作。 八、预期研究成果形式:
e strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change theracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of peoplreaucof close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bu cial regulations, municipal provisions of the\" twelve \"plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work styleprovinment the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations \double section \"the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implee to e pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, servicin accordance with the \"\" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of \"for the peopl ethod,nd advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step mof general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions apirit he spirit of the the third Plenary
Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance,
conscientiously implement the sing implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, towroots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the foll-assities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and gractiv educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practiced provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee \"about carrying out the party's mass line Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central an5industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.and pment, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprisesupport the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial develo ocialompetitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about spromote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core c quality professional management team, hard work, and-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-on of highent and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introductinagemcrisis
to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve ma and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense ofowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education -the value of statectivities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that , examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic awin principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation-egional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking winand rTo further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries n and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources.enatiod, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alientrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market
influence and coverage of the branConc brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. evelop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establishs to dproblem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own
conditionoor hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the the dt active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is no y. Theolitical project\a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures counteadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in \"image projecthe \"four winds\" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial
requirements, the cony discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let groout aon eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, with rests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especiallyinte large scale
investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the s asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to aroblemhe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against \"four wind\" this focus on centralized solve outstanding p, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point
of the taskTcticerly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision prapay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orde oblem,ore emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the prs a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, musly aof Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's
education.Always speak serioillages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority and v rvision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streetsership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supewith step by step.To adhere to the county lead roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-y, village, nonmunitunty and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and comthe ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the co y andnforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the countof
the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further rei style
1(结题报告。
2(个案、随笔、研究论文等课题研究资料。 九、研究成员分工及经费预算 课题组长:周海红 负责课题的全面实施
组员:中班段教师 负责课题的具体实施 观察 记录 反馈 反思 预计经费:3000元 ,不够填写可另附纸,
the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of \"for the people pragmatic honest people as the t the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and
requirements, step method, in accordance with the \"\" look in entingook series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implemion of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping by Sess, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenarg to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation
opinions.Firstroots party organizations. Accordin-months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grassty's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 the
cieployment, according to municipal Party committee \"about carrying out
the party's mass line educational practice activity in ons and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified dOpini6leapfrog development. nancial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promotecy, firal undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment poliarket competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of culture optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of mquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structu-t personnel, and strive to build a highquality management managemen-t the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the
introduction of highthe sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. A ition,s of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competto strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workerowned assets.(five) -social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of stateon, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the win principle, in the
framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentati-mutual benefit, seeking winective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, s, efft of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizonghs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuikthroung, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breaof brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the
competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful plannie use mum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maxieet Thfficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, strnforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something dilaw e ocus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem ofa set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy fuide, ey performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in \"image project\\"political project\
issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of kn solvthe style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus oy, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve luxur n to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazyleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attentioaul, cip and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhpractice is to seize against \"four wind\" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadershation t empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's eduction and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is noooperaoor, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the ctention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the dore atitive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay mine line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to posmass lvities and the masses of grassroots groups in close
contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the ervice industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education actiits, sdres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window unn internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading caroots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules o-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-r the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, nons undeunty and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departmentuilding of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the cohe bhonest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of t and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, embersvagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party mhlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extraw, higsions of the\" twelve \"plan and the
implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses la< The opposition party and government austerity waste
regulations \and ndation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulation, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the fouheme
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