高考英语语法时态复习教案

高考英语语法时态复习教案

君山区第一中学 杨春霞

Step 1： 导入（用一个小幽默故事导入时态复习）

The Father and His Son

Father: You know, Tom, when Lincoln ___(be) your age, he ___(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he ___(be) the best pupil in his class.

Tom: Yes, Father. I ____ (know) that. But when he ____(be) your age, he____ (be) President of the United States.

Step2：高考命题思路

动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年试题一般不低于两道。

命题思路有三种： 一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择；

二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断；

三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。

Step 3 应考策略

高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和时态干扰。

考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是句中其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的状语信息等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。

Step 4：

最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配

一般现在 every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday

现在进行 now,

现在完成 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently

一般过去 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now

过去进行 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while

过去完成 …before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as

一般将来 next…, tomorrow, in…

过去将来 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作

一、对一般现在时的考查

1.考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。

1) Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which ___the Pacific, and we met no storm.（2005年辽宁卷）

was called B. is called

C. had been called D. has been called

2.考查一般现在时的替代用法：

在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句，在以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时。

—What would you do if it __ tomorrow?

—We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. （2005年全国卷）

A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining

二、对一般过去时的考查

一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。

I bought a new car three days ago.

More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.（2005年上海卷）

A. sent B. were sent

C. had sent D. had been sent

三、对现在进行时的考查

由上下文语境表示时间。

1)— What’s the terrible noise？

— The neighbors ____ for a party（2004年北京卷）

A. have prepared B. are preparing

C. prepare D. will prepare

2)Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. （2004年浙江卷34题）

has closed down B. closed down

C. is closing down D. had closed down

3) —Are you still busy?

—Yes, I _____ my work, and it won’t take long.

A．just finish B. am just finishing

C．have just finished D. am just going to finish

4) Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing. People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money.

phone B. will phone

C. were phoning D. are phoning

5) Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly.

is changing B. has changed

C. will have changed D. will change

四、对过去进行时的考查

I was walking down the street when it began to rain.

1.把过去进行时放在when, while, as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。

—You were out when I dropped in at your house.

—Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷）

A. was waiting B. had waited

C. am waiting D. have waited

2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。

—Has Sam finished his homework today?

—I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. （2004年全国卷）

A. did B. has done

C. was doing D. had done

3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。

Shirley ____a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.(98）

A. has written B. wrote

C. had written D. was writing

五、对现在完成时的考查

1.现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或表示经验。

2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。

I_________(graduate) in 1993 and in that year I _______(begin) to teach English in a middle school. I ______(teach) there for five years . Five years later ,I _______(move)

to Pinghu. I______________ (teach) senior English in Danghu High School for nearly 9 years ever since then.

1) He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.(2005湖北)

were deciding B. have decided

C. decided D. will decide

2) Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. （2005重庆）

has been caused B. had been caused

C. will be caused D. will have been caused

3)—The window is dirty.

— I know. It ____ for weeks.（2004全国卷）

hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

注：由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put,

stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。

Eg. I haven’t met him for two years.

3.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：

一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。

—Where _____the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.（98NMET）

— I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone.

A. did you put; have put

B. have you put; put

C. had you put; was putting

D. were you putting; put

六、对现在完成进行时的考查

构成: have / has been+ doing

概念: 表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。

The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.

现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：

1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时

I have written an article.

I have been writing an article.

2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。

I have lived here for ten years.

= I have been living here for ten years.

Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。

1)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy____going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.（2004年北京卷）

had considered B. has been considering

C. considered D. is going to consider

2) --- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

“--- I am tired. I ____ the living room all day.

A. painted B. had painted

C. have been painting D. have painted

七、对过去完成时态的考查

过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。

Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!

— George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

—No, I ___. Did they have a big wedding? （2004年湖北卷）

A. was not invited

B. have not been invited

C. hadn’t been invited

D. didn’t invite

常见考点有：

①把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。

1) When the old man ___ to walk back to his house, the sun ___ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）

A. started; had already hidden

B. had started; had already hidden

C. had started; was hiding

D. was starting; hid

②把过去完成时放在by + 过去时间点或by the time + 从句（一般过去时）的句子里考查。

By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ___ in Beijing.（2003年上海春）

A. would be completed

B. was being completed

C. has been completed

D. had been completed

现在时态

高考题点击：

1. --- Can I help you, sir?

--- Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _____. (96 N)

A. didn’t work B. won’t work

C. can’t work D. doesn’t work

说明：本题的干扰源为 bought … yesterday，虽然是昨天买的，但强调的是现在不响了，所以要用现在时。选项B为次选项。

2. I _____ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play

since the new year. (2001 N)

A. will play B. have played C. played D. play

说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。

3. E-mail, as well as telephone, _____ an important part in daily communication. (99 上海)

A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play

说明：E-mail 正在日常通讯中起着重要的作用，故需用现在进行时；而 E-mail 是主语，动词应该用单数。

4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly. (2001 N)

A. is changing B. has changed

C. will have changed D. will change

说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。

5. --- I’m sorry to keep you waiting. (94 N)

--- Oh, not at all. I _____ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

说明：现在完成时用来表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。我是几分钟前到的，可现在仍在这儿。一般过去时仅表示过去曾到过这儿，不表示现在还在这儿，所以与本句意思无关。

6. --- You haven’t been to Beijing, have you?

--- _____. How I wish to go there! (98 N)

A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven’t C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t

说明：从补充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”没到过北京。

2、过去时

高考题点击：

1. --- Nancy is not coming tonight.

--- But she _____! (98 N)

A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised

2. My uncle _____ until he was forty-five. (2000 上海)

A. married B. didn’t marry

C. was not marrying D. would marry

3. --- You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do

you like it? (N2002)

--- I’m sorry I _______ anything about it sooner. I certainly

think it’s pretty on you.

A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say

4. As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. (95 N)

A. read … was falling B. was reading … fell

C. was reading … was falling D. read … fell

5. --- Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

--- I _____, but I had an unexpected visitor. (97 N)

A. had B. would C. was going to D. did

将来时

高考题点击：

1. If a man _____ succeed, he must work as hard as he can.

(95 上海)

A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should

2. --- You’ve left the light on.

--- Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off. (2000 N)

A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going

3. I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _____ my

mum. (2001 北京春季)

A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken

4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____

office soon. (93 N)

A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left

4、状语从句中的时态问题

高考题点击：

1. --- Can I join the club, Dad?

--- You can when you _____ a bit older. (94 N)

A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got

2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if

they _____. (2001上海)

A. have survived B. are to survive

C. would survive D. will survive

3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he

_____ from the university next year. (2002上海)

A. will graduate B. will have graduated

C. graduates D. is to graduate

4. It ____ long before we ____ the result of the experiment.

(2002上海春季)

A. will not be, will know B. is, will know

C. will not be, know D. is, know

5、祈使句中的动词问题

高考题点击：

1. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do. (98 N)

A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave

2. _____ some of this juice --- perhaps you’ll like it.

(2000 北京春季)

A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried

3. _____ at the door before entering, please. (01 北京春季)

A. knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock

4. _____ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.

(2001上海)

A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give

6、几种时态的替代问题

A：一般现在时代替将来时 ：

除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如：

The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)

B：一般现在时代替完成时：

句型 “It is … since…”代替“It has been … since …”

It is (= has been) five years since we last met

C：一般现在时代替进行时：

在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如：

Look, here comes Mr. Li.