Step by Step Book 1 unit05

Objectives:

You are going to hear some sentences telling you the 12 most populous countries in the world.

in the following passage you are going to hear the names of some languages and the numbers of native speakers of these languages. Listen carefully and fill in the missing languages and numbers.

Part I A.

Key words

census人口调查；户口调查

The census enumerated eighty-six persons over one hundred years old in this mountain area.

根据人口调查这一带山区共有八十六

位百岁老人。

estimate 估计

My estimate of his abilities was wrong.

我对他的能力估计错了。

rank等级 分类；分等级

To hold a particular rank:位于占据一个特定的等级

ranked first in the class. 在班上名列前茅

This town ranks high among beauty

spots.

这城市在风景区中享有盛名。

vocabulary

federation联盟；同盟

The small countries joined together into a federation.

小国联合起来组成一个联盟。 联邦

statistics统计，统计数字

统计学, 统计表

Indonesia印度尼西亚 Pakistan 巴基斯坦(南亚国家) Bangladesh孟加拉国 Nigeria尼日利亚

You are going to hear some sentences telling you the 12 most populous countries in the world. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 country population 1, 243, 738, 000 955, 220, 000 267, 901, 000 199, 867, 000 159, 884, 000 147, 105, 000 138, 150, 000 125, 638, 000 9 10 11 12 B.

122, 013, 000 118, 369, 000 96, 400, 000 82, 071, 000 Vocabulary

Bengali孟加拉人(语)

:

adj.

孟加拉(人)的

Hindi

: 印地语

Portuguese

葡萄牙的, 葡萄牙人的, 葡萄牙语的 n. 葡萄牙人,

葡萄牙语

Javanese

adj. 爪哇的 爪哇 Zhǎowā

[Java] 印度尼西亚岛屿。全国第四大岛

: 爪哇语

Korean

韩国人, 朝鲜人, 韩国语, 朝鲜语 adj.

韩国人的, 朝鲜人的, 韩国语的, 朝鲜语的

Vietnamese

越南(Vietnam)的 越南人的 越南语的

Telugu: 泰卢固语(印度东部德拉维拉语言)

[印]泰卢固人

Marathi: 马拉地语(属印欧语系印度语族)

adj.

(印度)马哈拉施特拉邦(人)的 马拉地语的

Tamil

adj.

: 泰米尔人,

泰米尔语

泰米尔语的, 泰米尔人的

Urdu乌尔都语

:

An Indic language that is the official literary language of Pakistan. It is written in an Arabic alphabet and is also widely used in India, chiefly by Moslems.

乌尔都语巴基斯坦官方书面语言的印度语。用阿拉伯字母书写，在印度被广泛使用，其主要使用者为穆斯林

Gujarati古吉拉特语

:

: 古吉拉特人

Ukrainian乌克兰(语)

adj.

乌克兰的, 乌克兰人(语)的

in the following passage you are going to hear the names of some languages and the numbers of native speakers of these languages. Listen carefully and fill in the missing languages and numbers. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Languages Chinese Spanish English Bengali Hindi Speakers 1, 300million 332 million 322 million 1 million 182 million Languages Speakers 72 million 67 million 66 million million 63 million 59 million 58 million 44 million 44 million 12 French 13 Vietnam 14 Telugu 15 Marathi 16 Tamil 17 Turkish 18 Urdu 19 Gujarati 20 Polish Portuguese 170 million Russian Japanese German 170 million 125 million 98 million 10 Javanese 11 Korean

75. 5 million 75 million 21 Arabic 22 Ukrainian 42. 5 million 41 million Tapescript:

Do you know which languages are spoken by more than 49 million people?

Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 1 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million

speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.

Part II The World’s six Billionth Inhabitant

Key words

humanity

（1）Human beings considered as a group; the human race.

人类作为整体来讲的人类；人类

（2）The condition or quality of being human; humanness.

为人的资格成为人的条件和品质；人 （3）The quality of being humane; benevolence.

仁慈的品性；和善

（4）A humane characteristic, attribute, or act.

人性仁慈的特征、品质或行动 （5）humanities

The languages and literatures of ancient Greece and Rome; the classics. 古典文学古希腊、古罗马的语言和文学；古典文学

（6）Those branches of knowledge, such as philosophy, literature, and art, that are concerned with human thought and culture; the liberal arts.

人文科学研究人类思想和文明的学科，如哲学、文学、艺术；自由主义艺术

vocabulary

overnight:

QUICKLY very quickly or suddenly Change does not happen overnight

inhabitant:

One that inhabits a place, especially as a permanent resident:

居民居住在某地的人，尤指长期居民：

the inhabitants of a fishing village; snakes, lizards, and other inhabitants of the desert.

一个渔村的居民；蛇，蜥蜴和沙漠中的其它居住者

deliver:

To bring or transport to the proper place or recipient; distribute: 递送带到或运送到适当的地方或接受者；分送：

deliver groceries; deliver the mail.

运送食品；投递邮件

To surrender (someone or something) to another; hand over:

交付把（某人或某物）交给他人；移交：

delivered the criminal to the police. 把罪犯交给

symbolize

To serve as a symbol of: 作为„的象征：

Munich, the 1938 Hitler-Chamberlain meeting that now symbolizes the idea of appeasement (Jonathan Alter) “慕尼黑，1938年希特勒与张伯伦的会晤现已为绥靖主义的象征”(乔纳森·奥尔特)

to represent or identify by a symbol 用符号代表或确认 To use symbols. 符号的使用 Rose symbolizes love.

The Red Five-Star Flag symbolizes the People’s Republic of China.

ecological: adj.生态学的, 社会

生态学的

acclaim:

To praise enthusiastically and often publicly; applaud.

喝彩，称赞热情地，并且经常公开地

称赞；赞赏

To shout approval. 欢呼，喝彩 Acclaim n.

Enthusiastic applause; acclamation. 热情的称赞；欢呼

欢呼着拥戴；欢呼着同意

Eg. Penicillin was acclaimed as the most important discovery during the 1940's.

青霉素曾被公认是二十世纪四十年代最重大的发现。

Eg. He was acclaimed as the winner. 在欢呼声中他被承认为胜利者。

momentum: 动量

A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity.

动量，冲量一种衡量物体运动量度的单位，等于运动物体的质量和速度的乘积

Also called: linear momentum

Impetus of a physical object in motion.

冲力运动中物体的动力

Impetus of a nonphysical process, such as an idea or a course of events: 势头非物质发展的动力，如思想或事物的进程：

Eg. The soaring rise in interest rates finally appeared to be losing momentum.

利率的飞速上涨的势头终于减弱了 Philosophy 【哲学】

An essential or constituent element; a moment.

必要的或构成的元素；契机

impact:

The striking of one body against another; collision.

碰击，撞击一个物体对另一个物体的击打；碰撞

The force or impetus transmitted by a collision.

冲击力由碰撞而传递的力量或动力

The effect or impression of one thing on another:

影响一个事物对另一个事物的影响或印

象：

still gauging the impact of automation on the lives of factory workers.

仍然在估测自动化对工厂工人生活的影响

The power of making a strong, immediate impression:

影响力产生很快的、很深印象的力量： a speech that lacked impact. 毫无影响力的演说 Impact v.

To pack firmly together. 压紧

To strike forcefully: 用力撞击：

To have an effect or impact on 在„产生影响

demographer

统计学 种群统计学

人口学, 人口

predict:

To state, tell about, or make known in advance, especially on the basis of special knowledge.

预测，预知，预告预先陈述、告诉或公布，尤指以特殊知识为基础 To foretell something; prophesy. 预言，预示预言某事；预言

count:

To name or list (the units of a group or collection) one by one in order to determine a total; number.

算出总数一个接一个地说出或列出（一群或一组中的各个单位）以得其总数；计数

To recite numerals in ascending order up to and including:

计数按上升顺序念数字直到„并包括„： count three before firing. 开火前数到三

To include in a reckoning; take account of: 计算在内；包含在内：

ten dogs, counting the puppies. 连小狗总共有十只 Informal

【非正式用语】

To include by or as if by counting:

包含在内通过或好象通过计算包括进来： Eg. Count me in. 把我算进去 To exclude by or as if by counting:

排除在外通过或好象通过计算排除出去： Eg. Count me out. 不算我

To believe or consider to be; deem: 认为相信或认为是；认为：

Eg. Count yourself lucky. 把你自己看作幸运者 count v.intr.

To recite or list numbers in order or enumerate items by units or groups:

计算按组或群顺次背出或念出或列出数字： Eg. counted by tens. 以十为单位来计算 To have importance: 有重要性： Eg. You really count with me. 对我来说你确实很重要

To have a specified importance or value: 有价值具有某种特殊的重要性或价值： Eg. Their opinions count for little. Each basket counts for two points.

他们的观点没什么价值。每投一球得两分

level off （使）变得平坦，（使）

变得平整

agency

:

A business or service authorized to act for others:

代理行；经销处被授权替他人做事的商业或服务机构：

an employment agency. 职业介绍所

An administrative division of a government or international body.

机构一国内或国际机构管辖下的行政部门

Bosnia-Herzegovina: 斯尼亚. 黑塞哥维那

Austro-Hungarian Empire.

波

A region of west-central Yugoslavia. It was settled by Serbs in the 7th century and became an independent state in the 12th century. Bosnia was controlled by Turkey after 1483 and was later annexed by the

波斯尼亚南斯拉夫中西部的一地区。7世纪塞族人定居于此，12世纪成为一个国家。1483年以后波斯尼亚被土耳其控制，后来被奥匈帝国吞并

A region of west-central Yugoslavia. Largely independent after the 10th century, it was conquered by Bosnia in the 14th century and has been closely allied with that region ever since. Herzegovina became part of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) in 1918.

黑塞哥维那南斯拉夫中西部一地区，10世纪之后，其大部已，但在14世纪被波斯尼亚占领，从此与波斯尼亚结成紧密联盟。1981年，黑塞哥维那成为塞尔维亚、克罗地亚和斯洛维尼亚（后南斯拉夫）联合王国的一部分

the United Nations

Kosovo 科索沃[南斯拉夫自治省名] Sarajevo: 萨拉热窝[南斯拉夫中部城市]

The UN Secretary General

A.

Now listen to a news report on the words six billionth inhabitant. Answer the following questions by supplying the missing information.

1.A baby boy

2.social / ecological / populations

3.longer / healthier

B.

Now listen to the passage again. After that, three sentences chosen from the passage will be read to you.

1. b 2. c

3. a

A.

Now listen to a news report on the words six billionth inhabitant. Answer the following questions by supplying the missing information.

1. What is the world’s six billionth inhabitant? A baby boy 2. What’s the UN Secretary General’s purpose in visiting the mother and the child?

To draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populations. 3. According to the UN population agency, how different are people’s lives now from those in the past? People are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.

B.

Now listen to the passage again. After that, three sentences chosen from the passage will be read to you. 1. b 2. c 3. a

Column A 1. 1,000,000,000+ Column B a. population in the middle of 2. 80,000,000 3. 10,000,000,000-

the new century b. number of young people entering their productive years now c. number of babies to be born next year C. Now listen to a faster presentation of the material. Check you answers.

Tapescript:

A baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.

Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the

Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.

The UN Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populations.

The boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers

predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.

Part III The biggest cities in the world

Key words

• the biggest cities • the top ten • developed countries • developing countries

vocabulary

• the biggest cities • The top ten • Developed countries • Developing countries Complex

Enormous

mere

Nothing more than (a); only (a) 仅仅的, 起码的, 纯粹的

in terms of

With regard to; from the point of view of

以„的观点；就„而说

In relation to; with reference to: 根据按照；就„而言：

eg. facilities planned and programmed in terms of their

interrelationships, instead of evolving haphazardly (Wharton Magazine)

“按照其内在的关系来营造设施以防止其产生灾难性的进展”(沃顿杂志)

in the long term 从长远的观点看 in the short term 从眼前的观点看 in terms of

以„的观点；就„而说

on good/ bad/ friendly/ equal terms 好/坏/友好/同等的关系 a term of office任期

to get a term of seven years in prison 被判7年徒刑

He was made captain of the football team for a term of one year. 他被推选为足球队队长，任期一年。 technical terms 专门名词，术语

quadruple:

Having four parts or members. 四部分有四部分或四个成员的

Multiplied by four; fourfold. 四倍的被四乘的：四倍的

Quadruple n.

A number four times as great as another. 四倍量是另一个四倍的数量 To multiply or be multiplied by four: 使乘四或被四乘：

quadrupled the order; quadrupled in size. 定单的四倍；原尺寸的四倍

treble

Triple: 三倍的

: adj.三倍的, 三重的, 三层的, 最高音部的

v.成三倍, 使增加两倍, 增为三倍

To make or become triple.

增加三倍或成三倍的 三倍的；三重的 His salary is treble mine. 他的工资是我的三倍。 (使)成为三倍, (使)增加两倍 Its value has trebled.

它的价值已增长到原来的三倍。

Sao Paolo 圣。保罗

Rio de Janeiro里约•热内卢

•

Calcutta：加尔各答

A city of eastern India on the Hooghly River in the Ganges delta. Founded c. 1690 as a British East India Company trading post, it is India's largest city and a major port and industrial center. In the notorious Black Hole of Calcutta more than 120 British soldiers died of suffocation (1756) after being imprisoned overnight in the small, stifling dungeon by the nawab of Bengal. Population, 3,305,006.

印度东部的一座城市，位于恒河三角洲上的胡格利河畔。于公元1690年作为英国东印度公司的商贸据点而建成，是印度最大的城市，主要的港口和工业中心。在臭名昭著的“加尔各答黑洞”中，120名英国士兵被整夜囚禁在狭小憋闷的地牢里然后窒息而死。人口3,305,006

• Bombay：

孟买

A city of west-central India on coastal Bombay Island and adjacent Salsette Island. It is India's main port and commercial center. Population, 8,243,405.

印度中西部城市，位于近海岸的 孟买岛，邻近沙尔塞特岛。它是印度的主要港口和商业中心。人口8,243,405

• Delhi：德里

A city of north-central India on the Jumna River. Important since ancient times, the old city was rebuilt by Shah Jahan in the 17th century with high stone walls enclosing the Red Fort that contained the imperial Mogul palace. The new part of Delhi became the capital of British India in 1912 and of independent India in 1947. Population, 4,884,234.

，印度中部偏北一城市，临朱木拿河。自古以来该市就占重要地位。17世纪沙贾汗皇帝重建这座古城，用高高的石头墙围住包括蒙兀儿皇宫在内的红堡。德里的新建部分在1912年成为英属印度的首都，1947年成为了的印度的首都。人口4,884,234

Seoul首尔

The capital and largest city of South Korea, in the northwest part of the country east of Inchon. Founded in the 14th century, it became the country's capital in 1948. Population, 9,6,000. 韩国的首都和最大城市，位于韩国的西北部、仁川以东，建于14世纪，1948年它成为韩国首都。人口9,6,000

A. You are going to hear a conversation between an interviewer

and an expert about the biggest cities in the world. While listening, focus on the numbers and complete the two charts below

In 1950 Position in top 10 population New York 1 12 million London 2 10 million Calcutta 4 million 10 Tokyo 6 million 3

In 2000 Position in top 10 Population New York 14 million 6 Calcutta 16 million 4 Tokyo 18 million 3

B. Now listen to the conversation again and try to find out the other seven cities whose population is likely to be in the top ten in 2000

The other seven cities in the top ten in 2000

• 1. Mexico • 2. Sao Paulo • 3. Rio de Janeiro • 4. Bombay • 5. Delhi • 6. Shanghai • 7. Seoul

Tapescript

• I – Interviewer • E – Expert

I: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?

E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing

countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million. I: And London?

E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.

I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in developing countries?

E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.

I: It’s difficult to believe.

E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.

I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?

E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million – quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten. I: What about Japan?

E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the next century,

although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or .

I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…