英国文学选读 Old and Middle English Periods 450-1485
Anglo –Saxon Epic Poem Beowulf （贝奥武夫）被认为是英国的民族史诗。
Unit 1 （Middle English period）
Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里 乔叟(1343-1400) —“ Father of modern English poetry”
Major works: The Book of the Duchess《公爵夫人之书》 The Parliament of Fowls《百鸟议会) 》 The House of Fame 《声誉之堂 》 Troilus and Criseyde 《特罗斯特与克丽西德》 代表作：The Canterbury Tales 《卡特伯雷故事》
A collection of stories in a frame story, written between 1387 and 1400. It is the story of a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims朝圣者 to Canterbury. The pilgrims, who come from all layers of society, tell stories to each other to kill time while they travel to Canterbury. If we trust the General Prologue, Chaucer intended that each pilgrim should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two tales on the way back. He never finished his enormous project and even the completed
tales were not finally revised
Unit 2(English Renaissance) 1485-1616
威廉 莎士比亚 (William Shakespeare)——dramatist, poet
Four tragedies:
Hamlet《哈姆雷特》(hesitation) Othello《奥赛罗》 (jealous) King Lear《李尔王》 Macbeth《麦克白》（ambition）
Four comedies:
A Mid Summer Night Dream《仲夏夜之梦》 As you like it 《皆大欢喜》 Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》)
The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》
Others:
Romeo and Juliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》
Sonnet18《十四行诗之18》 押韵方式：ABAB,CDCD,EFEF,GG The University wits: 大学才子
a notable group of pioneer English dramatists who wrote during the last 15 years of the 16th century (the Elizabethan era) and who transformed popular drama with their plays of quality and diversity
7 talented dramatists:
Robert Greene John Lyly Thomas Nashe
Thomas Lodge Thomas Kyd George Peele
Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯 培根（1561-1626）
1、A great thinker: (New Instrument《新工具》)the necessity of abandoning a
priori speculation in favor of observation and induction.
2、The first important English essayist Essays《论说文集》
3、The founder of experimental philosophy, the father of modern positivistic philosophy
“现代科学的奠基人，英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父”
Works : Of Marriage and Single Life《论婚姻和单身》
Of Studies《论读书》 New Atlantis《新大西岛》 Unit 4 The Seventeenth Century 1616-1688
一、John Milton（1608—1674）约翰 弥尔顿
Epic poems:
Paradise Lost（1667）《失乐园》 Paradise Regained ( 1671)《复乐园》 Samson Agonistes (1671)《力士参孙》（长诗） Works: Lycidas (1637)《利西达斯》 Areopagitica(1644)《论出版自由》 二、John Donne 约翰 邓恩（1572-1631）玄学派诗人（metaphysical poets）
Works : The Flea《跳蚤》
Holy Sonnet 10《圣十四行诗之10》 Conceit(奇喻): An elaborate and surprising figure of speech, comparing two very dissimilar things.
Unit 5 The Eighteenth Century 1688-1780
The Age of Classicism
1.Alexander Pope (英雄双行诗-heroic couplet)
Works: Essay on Criticism
It expresses his Neo-classic in poetry.
2、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森 斯威夫特（the rise of novel）
Satirical prose(讽刺性散文): “A Tale of Tub” 《一只桶的故事》 “A Modest Proposal” 《一个温和的建议》 :His pity for the oppressed受压迫
的, ignorant, populous人口稠密的, and hungry Catholic天主教徒 peasants of Ireland; his anger at the rapacious English landlords 2. Masterpiece: Gulliver’s Travels《 格利佛游记》 Lilliput《小人国》
Brobdingnag《大人国》 Laputa《拉普他岛》 Houyhnhnms 《慧骃国》
3、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔 笛福 英国小说家
Works：Robison Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》
Robinson Crusoe: a hero，an invader, a colonist. The hero is typical of the
rising English bourgeois class, practical and diligent. Defoe beautifies colonialism and Negro slavery.
Main idea: A typical 18th-century English middle-class（中产阶级） man, with great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype(模范) of the pioneer empire builder（扩张主义者先锋）. In describing Crusoe, Defoe glorifies human labor and Puritan fortitude, which save Crusoe from despair and are a source of pride and happiness.
Moll Flanders《摩尔 弗兰德斯》: It is written in an autobiographical form called
memoir. Defoe introduces, for the first time, a lowly woman as the subject of literature
4、Samuel Richardson 理查森（1689-1761)
1. Pamela《帕姆拉》 :first example of the epistolary novel(书信体小说) ,first mature novel to be written in English
2、Epistolary novel: a novel of letters; written to teach lesson; the first accepted in eight century in Britain by Samuel Richardson. In a series of Familiar Letters from a Beautiful Yong Damsel to Her Parents
(1740)
The first English tragic novel ：Clarissa or the History of a Young Lady (1747-48)
Pre-Romantic poetry
5、Robert Burns (1759—1796) 罗伯特.彭斯
A Red ,Red ,Rose《一朵红红的玫瑰》 Auld Lang Syne《昔日时光》 6、William Blake (1757-1827) 威廉.布莱克：poet; engraver雕刻师; a precursor（先驱）of the Romantic movement. Mystic and highly symbolic.
Works: Songs of Innocence; (1789) 《天真之歌》 Songs of Experience (1794) 《经验之歌》 The Lam《羔羊》p The Tyger《老虎》 The Romantic Period
1、William Wordsworth 威廉 华尔华兹 poet laureate 桂冠诗人 the lakers (the lake poets) 湖畔诗人
1、It is Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》that ushers in the Romantic age in English literature.
2、“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”
Not only does Wordsworth suggest a radical change in subject matter, but he also dramatically shifts focus concerning poetry’s “proper language.” Unlike Pope and his predecessors, Wordsworth chooses “language really used by [people]’—everyday speech. Wordsworth redefines poetry itself: “For all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.” Wordsworth highlighted poetry’s emotional quality. Imagination, not reason or disciplined thought, becomes its core.
Works：I wandered lonely as a cloud 《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》She dwelt among the untrodden ways
2、Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) 赛谬尔 泰勒 柯勒律治
Works：1. Biographia Literaria 《文学传记》 2. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 《古舟子吟》 3. Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》Mysticism , exoticism and strong imagination
3、George Gordon Byron 乔治 戈登 拜伦 (1788-1824)
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》 Don Juan 《唐璜》
She Walks in Beauty《她在美中行》 When a Man Hath No Freedom to Fight for at Home 《当男人没有在家战斗的自由时》 4、Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西 比希 雪莱(1792-1822)
1、Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》 （Poetic drama） heroic endurance, man’s intellect, defiance against tyranny, love of humanity,
2. Ode to the West Wind 《西风颂》
west wind: a symbol of force that destroys the old, decayed order and constructs a new one.
5、John Keats (1795-1821) 约翰.济慈
1. Ode to Autumn
2. Ode on a Grecian Urn 《希腊古瓮颂》 3.Ode to a Nightingale《夜莺颂》 Ode: a lyric poem typically of elaborate or irregular metrical （测量的，韵律的）form and expressive of exalted（兴奋的）or enthusiastic emotion.
6Jane Austen (1775-1817) 简 奥斯丁
Reality refers to a trend towards depictions of contemporary life and society \"as they were.\" In the spirit of general realism, realist authors opted for depictions of everyday activities and experiences, instead of a romanticized or similarly stylized presentation.
Six novels by Austen
Sense and Sensibility(1811) 《理智与情感》 Pride and Prejudice(1813) 《傲慢与偏见》 Mansfield Park (1814) 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》 Emma(1816) 《爱玛》 Persuasion (1818) 《劝导》 Northanger Abbey (1818) 《诺桑觉寺》
Victorian Literature 一. Victorian Novelists
1. Charles Dickens 查尔斯 狄更斯 (1812-1870) 1. Novels of social criticism • Pickwick Papers 《匹克威克外传》 • Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》 • The Curiosity Shop 《老古玩店》 • Dombey and Son 《董贝父子》 • David Copperfield 《大卫，科波菲尔》 • Bleak House《荒凉山庄》 • A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》 • Great Expectations 《远大前程》 • Hard Time 2Charlotte Bronte (1816—1855) 夏洛特.勃朗特
Jane Eyre《简爱》 Shirley 《雪莉》 Villette《维莱特》 The Professor 《教师》 Victorian Poets 一、Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)阿尔弗德 丁尼生
In Memoriam A.H.H .(1850) 《悼念》 Idylls of the King 《国王之歌》 The Eagle 《鹰》
Break,Break,Break 《溅吧，溅吧，溅吧》
二、Robert Browning(1812-1889) 罗伯特 布朗宁
My Last Duchess《我已故的公爵夫人》 The Ring and the Book《指环与书》 Dramatic monologue （戏剧独白）：A dramatic monologue is a piece of spoken
verse that offers great insight into the feelings of the speaker. Late Victorian to the First World War 一、Oscar Wilde (1854—1900) 奥斯卡 王尔德
Art’s for art’s sake （为艺术而艺术）： Aesthetic Movement(唯美主义运动)
Thomas Hardy(1840—1928) The Return of the Native(1878) 《还乡》 Tess of the D’Urbervilles(1891) 《德伯家的苔丝》 Wessex : Hardy set all of his major novels in the south and southwest of
England. He named the area “ Wessex\" . The idea of Wessex plays an important artistic role in Hardy's works (particularly his later novels), assisting the presentation of themes of progress, primitivism, naturalism.
Naturalism: is a literary movement taking place from 1865 to 1900 that uses detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment have inescapable force in shaping human character. Whereas realism seeks only to describe subjects as they really are, naturalism also attempts to determine \"scientifically\" the underlying forces (e.g. the social environment or heredity) influencing the actions of its subjects. Naturalistic works often include uncouth or
sordid subject matter and expose the dark harshness of life, including poverty, racism, sex, prejudice, disease, prostitution, and filth. As a result, naturalistic writers were frequently criticized for being too blunt.
Modernist Literature
Modern Dramatists 现代剧作家
George Bernard Shaw（1856—1950）乔治 萧伯纳——a dramatist of high seriousness
Mrs. Warren’s Profession (1898)《华伦夫人的职业》 Major Barbara （1905） 《巴巴拉少校》 Pygmalion （1913） 《皮格马利翁》 Saint Joan（1924）《圣女贞德》 Modernist Novelists现代主义小说家
James Joyce 詹姆斯.乔伊斯（1882—1941）
Dubliners (1914)《都柏林人》 的第3篇 Araby （阿拉比） A Portrait of the Artist as a Young（1916）《一个青年艺术家的画像》(首次展示意识流)
Ulysses（1922）《尤利西斯》（全文无标点符号） Finnegans Wake(1939)《芬尼根的苏醒》
Stream of consciousness(意识流)：P172
Virginia Woolf (1882—1941) 弗吉妮娅.伍尔芙
Mrs. Dalloway (1925)《达罗卫夫人》 To the Lighthouse （1927）《到灯塔去》 The Waves(1931) 《海浪》 Modernist Poetry 一、T.S.Eliot (1888—1965) T.S.艾略特
The Waste Land 《荒原》 二、William Butler Yeats (1865—1939) 威廉.巴特勒.叶芝——A nobel prize winner ,a modernist poet, a dramatist (Irish)
When you are old 《当你老了》 Down by the Salley Gardens 《柳园》
The Second Coming 《第二次来临》
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