is不定代词
1. 定 义
所谓“不定”，就是“不确定”“不明确”的意思，所以不定代词就是指不明确表示代替某特定名词或形容词的代词，如 someone 意为“某人”，something 意为“某事”或“某物”，many 表示“许多人”或“许多物”，a few 表示“几个人”或“几个事物”，等等。
（1） 普通不定代词 some; any many; much each; every few; little either 两者中的一个; neither 两者都不 both; all none 没有一个 one other 其它的 ★ some 与 any
一般说来，some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。如： ①肯定句：He asked some questions. 他问了一些问题。 ②否定句：He didn’t ask any questions. 他没有问任何问题。 ③疑问句：Did he ask any questions? 他问了些问题没有?
但是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，希望对方的肯定回答，通常要用 而不用 any。如：
① Shall I get some for you? 要我帮你拿些来吗?
② Since you have plenty of them, why not give her some? 既然你有那么多，为什么不给她一些呢?
any 有时也用于肯定句中，表示“任何”的意思。如：
Any of these may suit you. 这些中间的任何一个都可能适合你。
some
另外，汉语可说“任何……都不”，但英语不能说 any…not。因为按英语习惯，any 总是要出现在否定词 not 的后面，而不能出现在它的前面。如：
我想任何学生都回答不了这个问题。
正：I don’t think any student can answer this question. 正：I think no student can answer this question. 误：I think any student can’t answer this question. 第一句用的是 not…any，故正确;第二句用的是 no，相当于 not…any，也正确;第三句用的是 any…not，就错了。
★ many 与 much
两者意思相同，都表示“许多”，但用法不同，many 用于修饰或代替可数名词;而 much 用 于修饰或代替不可数名词。如：
① Many trees fell in the storm. 在暴风雨中许多树倒了。
② Much money has been wasted that way. 很多钱都这样浪费了。 ★ few, a few 与 little, a little
little 几乎没有
few 几乎没有 +不可数名词 +可数名词复数 a little 有点儿 a few 有几个
① He has few friends here,he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。 ② There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 ③ There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?
④ This book is a little more difficult than that one. 这本书比那本书难一点。 ★ all 与 both
all 指三者或三者以上的人或物,既可代替或修饰可数名词也可代替和修饰不可数名词。 both 指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。 ① Both of my parents like sports.
我的父母都喜欢运动。
② All of us should work hard.我们都应努力工作.
★ either 与 neither
either 意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither 意思是“两个都不”。 ① He wrote to either of them. 他给他们中的一个人写了信.
② --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train. 你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。 ★ another,the other
① the other 指两个人或物中的一个。
He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。
② another 指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。
（2） 复合不定代词
复合不定代词指的是由 some, any, every, no 后接 thing, one, body 等构成的一类代词。 somebody （某人） someone （某人） something （某事） anybody （某人/任何人） anyone （某人/任何人） anything （某事/任何事） nobody （没有人） no one （没有人） nothing （没有东西） everybody （每人） everyone （每人） everything （每一件事） ★ 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质，可以作主语、宾语等。 I have something to tell you. 我有一些事情要告诉你们。
★ 复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰，形容词必须后置。Someone has just come to see you. 有个人刚刚来看你。There’s nothing wrong with the machine. 机器没有毛病。
★ 当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如 everybody, nobody, anyone 等时，其反义疑问句的主语通常用代词 they; 当句子主语是指物的复合不定代词，如 everthing, anything, something, nothing 等时，其反义疑问句的主语通常用代词 it。
Everybody is here, aren't they? Everything is ready, isn't it?
★ everyone 的意思等同于 everybody,只能指人； every one 既可指人也可指物。
I'd like everyone to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福。
I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保存下来。
练习题
1. He can't hear you, because there is noise here. A．very much B．too much C．much too D．so many
water in the cup.
in it.
for me?”
A．any B．many C．some D．the
2．There isn't 3．The bottle is empty. There is A．anything B．something C．nothing 4. “There isn't water here. Could you get ----“All ringht.”
5. There are lots of English books here, and A. both B．all C．every D．each
A. some; some B．any; any C．some; any D．any; some
of them is easy to understand. one.
, because they're not 6. These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me A. other B．others C．the others D．another 7. “Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”“I like useful.”
A. both B．either C．all D．neither 8. They were all very tired, but 9. “Haven't you forgotten of them would stop to take a rest. A. any B．some C．none D．neither
?”“ ,oh, I forgot my bag.”
A．anything; Excuse me B．something; Excuse me C．something; Pardon D．everything; Pardon
to tell you. 10. Be quiet! I have A. important anything B．anything important
C．important something D．something important
11. --- of the boys in Class Four are playing games. ---- . A. All B．Each C．The both D．None
12. There are twenty teachers in this grade．Eight of them are women teachers and
are men teachers. A. the other B．the others C．Others D．other
1-5 BACDD 6-10 DDCAD 11-12 AB
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容