(一) 语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 Tom(执) cleans(谓动) the room(承) every day.
The room(承) is cleaned(谓动) by Tom(执) every day.
(被动)
被动语态结构：be + 动词的过去分词done， 即be done ，
常译为“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动关系。
(二) 被动语态的用法
(1) 动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用by 短语。
Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons. (2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.
(3) 突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。
The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
(三) 被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词be的各种时态变化来体现，done不变。注意主
语的单、复数变化。
以do为例，掌握下列时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：
1．一般现在时：am / is / are + done 2．一般过去时：was / were + done 3．一般将来时：shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done 4．现在完成时：have / has + been + done 5．情态动词： can/may/must/should/have to be done 以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：
现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done 过去完成时：had + been + done 过去将来时：should / would + be done (四) 主动语态变被动语态的方法
My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 执行者 动词 承受者
(主动)
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→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 承受者 谓语 by+执行者 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。 练习：
1. 一般现在时：People grow rice in the south of the country.
_________ _________ _________ in the south of the country. 2. 一般过去时：Nancy Jackson designed the CD-ROM.
The CD-ROM _________ _________ _________ Nancy Jackson. 3. 一般将来时：They will hold the charity show in the school hall.
The charity show _________ _________ _________ in the school hall. 4. 现在完成时：He has brought his book here.
His book _________ _________ _________ here.
5．含有情态动词的被动语态：You must hand in your homework after class.
Your homework _________ _________ _________ _________ after class. (五) 语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer.
A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误)
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可说： A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：1. 下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：
bring, give, lend, offer, pass, show, teach, tell 等。
(1) The book was shown to the class.
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(2) My bike was lent to her.
2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： buy, cook, get, keep, make, order, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me.
(2) The meat was cooked for us.
(3) Some country music was played for us.
3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：
动词+介词，如: laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work on等。
动词+副词，如: sell out, find out, give up, hand in, work out, pass on, point out, put away,
put off, think over, turn on, wake up等。
The most difficult problem was worked out by Tom. The song is often listened to by girls. 4. 带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：
(1) We always keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean)
→The classroom is always kept clean. (sth be kept clean) (2) She told us not to stay up late. (tell sb not to do …) →We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do …)
注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。 We often hear him play the guitar.
→He is often heard to play the guitar. 记住下列变化： see sb do… hear sb do…. listen to sb do make sb do…
be seen to do be heard to do be listened to to do be made to do
5. 有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如： (1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
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(2)The new computer sells well. 这新产品很畅销。
(3)The printer prints quickly. 这个打印机打印很快。 The books were sold out. (被动句)
6. 只有动宾结构才有被动语态。下列情况的主动句不能改为被动句： 第一，感官连系动词无被动意义，如：feel, look, seem, taste, sound, smell等。 (1)— Do you like the material? — Yes, it feels very soft.
误：It is felt very soft. (2)The food tastes delicious. 误：The food is tasted delicious. (3)The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
第二，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, come out, come true等。如：
The accident took place last night.
误：The accident was taken place last night..
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, lie等。 The sun has already risen.
误：The sun has already been risen.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如： I taught myself English.
误：Myself was taught English.
7. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：
据说…… It is said that …
据报导…… It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
众所周知…… It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 8. 注意区别系表结构（be+adj.）和被动语态。
His glasses are broken. (系表) His glasses were broken by the cat.(被动) The door is closed. (系表) He is surprised. (系表)
The door was closed by Tom. (被动) He was surprised by the snake. (被动)
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对比：The books sell well. (主动句)
被动语态专项练习（一）
一、 用动词的正确语态填空。
1. English _________________(speak) the most widely in the world. 2. A Piano concert ___________________(give) here last Friday. 3. The town _______________(call) Rugao.
4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_______________ (sell) in this shop.
5. What _____ a knife ______ (make) of? It _____________(make) of metal and wood. 6. The old man is ill. He ________________ (must send) to the hospital.
7. The room _______________ (clean) by Mum yesterday. You don’t need to clean it. 8. The sports meeting __________________ (hold) in a week. 9. He is happy that his dream ________________(come) true. 10. The cinema _______________ (build) in 1985.
11. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 12. ______ the magazine ____________ (can take) out of the library?
二、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _______ people _________ tea in South China？
2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换） A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year． 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问) How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children. 5. You can't do it now. (改为被动语态) It ______ ________ ________ by you now.
6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal ________ _________ _______making machines. 7. He asked me to do that for him. (改为被动语态)
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I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him. 8.They are watching the football match.
The football match _______ _______ _______ by them. 9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) __________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out. 11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态) The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us. 三、选择题。
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A.Is; built B.Was; built C.Does; build D.Did; build ( )2.An accident ____ on this road last week.
A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened ( )3.A talk on Chinese history _____ in th school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives
( )4.How many trees ____ this year? A.are planted B.will plant C.has been planted D.planted
( )5.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done
( )6.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher. A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws
( )7.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year. A.did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used
( )8.The Great Wall ____ all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known ( )9.I ____ in summer. A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born ( )10.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent
( )11.Who _____ this book _____? A.did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was;written
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( )12.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary the day before yesterday. A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to
( )13.A story _____ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us
( )14.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump ( )15.The school bag ___ behind the chair. A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put
( )16.Older people ____ well.
A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after ( )17.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened
被动语态专项练习（二）
一、把下列句子改写成被动语态
1.They make machines in that factory. ___________________________________________ 2.Everybody likes this song. ___________________________________________________ 3.He doesn't show the stamps to me. _____________________________________________ 4.People don't grow rice in the west of Japan.______________________________________ 5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble.______________________________________ 6.Do the workers build many buildings? __________________________________________ 7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? ___________________________________________ 8.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?___________________________________ 9.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week._______________________________ 10.Granny told us a story last night. _____________________________________________ 二.选择题:
( ) 1. Great changes ______ in China.
A. are happened B. was happened C. has happened D. happen
( ) 2. The Great Wall ______ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
( ) 3. Who ______ this book ______?
A. did; written
B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written
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( ) 4. A story ______ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us A. jump A. puts
B. was told to us B. jumps
C. is told us
D. told us
( ) 5.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
C. jumped
D. to jump
( ) 6. The school bag ______ behind the chair.
B. can be put
C. be put D. can put B. must be looked after D. looked after
( ) 7. Older people ______ well. A. looks after
C. must look after
( ) 8. Do you know what____?
A. it calls B. does it call C. it is called D. is it called
( ) 9. This old machine ______ the room wet.
A. used to keep
B. used to keeping D. was used to keep
C. was used to keeping
( ) 10.He will go out if his homework ______.
A. is done B. will do C. will be done D. are finished
( ) 11. If he ______ enough time, he will come up with an idea.
A. gives B. will give C. is given D. will be given ( ) 12. If small trees ______, they will grow up quickly.
A. take good care of
B. take good care D. are taken good care
C. are taken good care of
( ) 13. These books ______. So many people are interested in them
A. are sold well B. sell well C. sell good D. sell badly 三、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。
①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight． ____________ ②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ ____________ ③Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people． ____________ ④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________ ⑤ This new educational CD-ROM was design by him. _____________
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不规则动词表 be 是(am, is) are bear 忍受 beat 击打 become 变成 begin 开始 babysit blow 吹 break 断开 bring 带来 build 建筑 buy 买 can 能 catch 抓住 choose 选择 come 来 cost 价值 cut 切 deal 处理 dig 挖洞 do 做 draw 画 dream 做梦 drink 喝 drive 驾车 eat 吃 fall 落下 feed 喂 feel 感觉 fight 打架 find 找寻 fly:飞 forget 忘记 freeze 冷冻 flee 逃跑 was, were bore beat became began babysat blew broke brought built bought could caught chose came cost cut dealt dug did drew dreamed, dreamt drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found flew forgot froze fled been been borne, born beaten become begun babysat blown broken brought built bought - caught chosen come cost cut dealt dug done drawn dreamed, dreamt drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown forgotten, forgot frozen fled get 得到 give 给予
got gave got, gotten given 9
go 去 went grow 成长 grew hang: 挂 hung 吊死 hanged have/has 有 had hear 听 heard hit 打 hit hold 拿住 held hurt 伤害 hurt keep 保持 kept know 知道 knew lay 放置 laid lead 带领 led lie 躺；位于 lay 说谎 lied learn 学习 learnt, learned leave 离开 left lend 借出 lent let 让 let lose 丢失 lost make 做 made may 可以 might mean 意思是 meant meet 见面 met mistake 弄错 mistook misunderstand 误会 misunderstood overcome 克服 overcame oversleep 睡过头 overslept overspend 过度使用 overspent pay 付出 paid put 放 put read 读 read rebuild 重建 rebuilt retell 重述 retold ride 骑 rode ring 响 rang rise 升起 rose
gone grown hung hanged had heard hit held hurt kept known laid led lain lied learnt, learned left lent let lost made - meant met mistaken misunderstood overcome overslept overspent paid put read rebuilt retold ridden rung risen 10
run 跑 say 说 see 看见 sell 卖 send 送 set 设置 shake 摇晃 shall 将 shine 照耀 shoot 射击 show 展示 shut 关闭 sing 唱歌 sink 下沉 sit 坐 sleep 睡觉 smell 闻 speak 讲话 spell 拼写 spend 花钱 stand 站立 steal 偷窃 sweep 打扫 swim 游泳 take 拿到 teach 教 tell 讲述 think 思考 throw 投掷 understand 理解 wake 醒；叫醒 wear 穿着 will 意愿 win 获胜 write 写
ran said saw sold sent set shook should shone, shined shot showed shut sang sank sat slept smelt, smelled spoke spelt, spelled spent stood stole swept swam took taught told thought threw understood woke wore would won wrote run said seen sold sent set shaken - shone, shined shot shown, showed shut sung sunk sat slept smelt, smelled spoken spelt, spelled spent stood stolen swept swum taken taught told thought thrown understood woken, waked worn - won written 11
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