《呼啸山庄》中的爱恨情仇

论文英文题目：论文中文题目：

若云軒

Love and Hatred in Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》中的爱恨情仇 1

本科毕业论文（设计）目录

Outline

Thesis statement: Though a deep analysis, the paper tell about love and hatred in Victorian age’ s Age famous works Wuthering Heights.

I.

Introduction

II.

The Love Between Heathcliff and Catherine

2.1 Childhood

2.2 Adulthood

2.3

Reasons for the change

III. Hatred of Heathcliff

3.1 Hatred for the two families

3.2

Hatred for Catherine

IV. Conclusion

Works Cited

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Love and Hatred in Wuthering Heights

摘要

《呼啸山庄》——才华洋溢的女作家艾米莉•勃朗特唯一的小

说，这是一个充满悲剧的爱情故事。男女主人公都曾彼此相爱，但是彼此身份差距，家世背景都造成了最后的悲剧。西斯克里夫的求而不得，凯瑟琳的虚荣背叛，使得彼此都痛苦不堪。疯狂的爱会毁灭一切，西斯克里夫的报复使得二人都痛苦难耐，但是如果爱与恨可以被理智处理的话，那也便不是真正的爱情了。西斯克里夫不仅报复情敌，而且连彼此的下一代都不放过，他是真的爱她，也是真的恨她。凯瑟琳对爱情的不忠使西斯克里夫非常悲愤，最终他决定向凯瑟琳报复。但事实上在他心里他依然深爱着凯瑟琳，所以他痛苦难耐。因此，当凯瑟琳死后，西斯克里夫便随她而去。 关键词：《呼啸山庄》 希斯克利夫 痛苦

Abstract

Wuthering Heights---the talented English writer’s only novel. This is a full of tragic love story, the hero and heroine have to love one another, but each other identity gap, and family background have caused the tragedy, and may not be his, her decide to betray their love, and let themselves be sad and angry, and these maniac with refused to give up love will ruin in all the thing, his revenge lets himself and Cathy are unhappy , but if love can be easy and simple to give up or forget, the person must not love the other person truly. Heathcliff not only decide to take revenge for Cathy and her husband, and do not even want to take revenge for Cathy’s daughter and himself son because he is very sad , when he was young, he loves her very much, and now he hates her very much. Cathy’s disloyalty let him angry, so he finally decide to take revenge for her, but in his mind, as the matter of fact, he still loves her, so he is very painful, his real soul-mate died, he was very repentant and felt sorry to Cathy. So after Cathy died, he decide to die and pursue Cathy’s spirit.

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Key words: Wuthering Heights Heathcliff suffering

Introduction

Emily Bronte was an famous novelist in England, although Wuthering Heights is

her only one novel, this novel is very famous, now this novel even can show the English literature’s corn. It describes a story about love and hate with revenge. In the 19th century, one pitiful and lonely boy called Heathcliff is brought to Wuthering Heights from Liverpool by Mr.Earnshaw.He stays with Earns haw’s son Hindley and lovely daughter Catherine. Hindley very hates Heathcliff,while Catherine very likes him. But when Earnshaw died,Hindley controls all the family, he comes to power and he treats Heathcliff as servant, so Heathcliff lives a hard life and he is very hating Hindley.And then Cathy does not go away with Heathcliff,and plays with him, at the last she loves him. Mr.Edgar’s house near to the Wuthering Heights, so he often sees the Cathy and he loves Cathy very much, and finally she agrees to marry Edgar. So Heathcliff is very angry and he begin to hate her. As time goes on, Heathcliff brings love, jealousy, hatred, and revenge into the Earnshaws and the Lintons.It does not bring him real comfort to ruin other people’s happiness.

Wuthering Heights was published in 1847,which was much ignore and looks as extremely morbid and violent. But in1850,this thing begin to change, and Wuthering Heights can be printed again, and this the second chance to let reader to read this novel, the action cause so many readers pay more attention to this novel. It is a novel of” outstanding intellectual power with its solitary outcast hero and its image of a love which reaches beyond the grave”(Heather Glen,2004:95). Moore said:” There are few more convincing, less sentimental accounts of passionate love than Wuthering Heights…”In The Novel and the People Ralph Fox, the progressive English literary critic,writes:“Wuthering Heights is certainly the novel become poetry, it is beyond no doubt one of the most outstanding novels which human talent has ever produced…Cathy and Heathcliff are the revenge of love against the nineteenth century”.

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Wuthering Heights is the name of a immemorial mountain vill. And in the end Cathy’ s brother----Edgar control the whole family. This story tell about Heathcliff and how it eventually destroys their lives and the lives of those around them, and this story’s main theme is the everlasting love between the heroine, Catherine Earnshaw,and her father’s adopted son-----Heathcliff.

I. The Love Between Heathcliff and Catherine

As the matter of fact, Heathcliff love Cathy excessive and he allowed not to let

anything make Cathy go away with him, even the death for Cathy. Between Heathcliff and Cathy’s love, when they are young they want to love forever, but now their love become screwy, and Catherine’s love is selfish and peacock’s. Although she loves Heathcliff , but she can not marry him because his very poor and he has no reputation, so he will ruin hers. Finally she betrays him, which has exterminated lives of the each other and marries Edgar for whose wealth and high reputation other lives of those around them. 1.1

Childhood

This tragic story happens under the background of Wuthering Heights, the name

of a immemorial mountain villa, Cathy marries Edgar for whose wealth and high reputation ,high up on the Yorkshire moors, occupied by the Earnshaw family. In Victorian age, Earnshaw adores a lonely boy and regards him as his own son and calls him Heathcliff and gives him chance to live and learn. Mr.Earnshaw’s signal son Hindley becomes hating him and bitterly jealous him, because the heroine Catherine Earnshaw loves him and plays with him all the daytime and she ignores her brother, and especially much more attention of his father is paid for Heathcliff, whom he regraded him as enemy and begin to find Heath cliff’s trouble. But Cathy is fond of Heathcliff.Then they become good friends and finally they love each other, they begin to react Cathy’s brother. Catherine and Heathcliff ‘s love is very deep and relationship is very close, because they have same opinion. As stated by Qiao Dongyue,“When Cathy and Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights, when they live in the solitary and sorrowful place, they understand the fates of each other and rise in rebellion on the basis of their common rate.”(Qiao Dongyue,1997:21) From the social viewpoint, the opinion is best expressed of Arnold Kettle in his introduction to the English works.”

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Against this degradation Cathy and Heathcliff rebel, hurling their books into the dog-kettle. He, the outcast slummy, turns to the lovely,spirited,fearless girl who alone offers him human understanding and comradeship. And she was born in the world of Wuthing Heights, that to achieve a full humanity, to be true to herself as a human being ,she must associate herself totally with him in his rebellion against the tyranny involve,”(Arnold Kettle,1960:34)

Heathcliff and Cathy love each other very much, and have a deep and close friendly ship between two people, and especially one involving romantic, and they are all think that they can love each other till the whole world was destroyed. But unlucky when Mr.Earnshaw died, their love is end.Hindley administers the Wuthering Heights, becomes the master, and then Heathcliff was deprived of all interests by Hindley,even was treated as a person is completely under the control of another person or of a powerful. So he lived in sad and unhappy life,he bears dishonor and continues to stay in the Wuthering Heights ,just in order to companion with his lover----Cathy.” They forgot all the things the minute they were together again.”（Emily Bronte,2011:36）But then they start to be in trouble, and they both regard opposite side as a pole or bar that stand upright and is used as a support in the soul, they have the same opinion, just as Catherine says:” He is more myself than I am. No matter what our souls are made of what, his and mine are the same”,” If all else remained, and he were gone, the universe would seem a stranger”,” I am Heathcliff.He is still in my mindt;not be happy , but as my own being.” Heathcliff exclaims from within,” I’d not exchange my condition here for Edgar Linton’s at Thrush cross Grange, not for a thousand lives”.(Bronte,2011:65)They were each other’s soul-mate for their whole life.” In front of love, Heathcliff was admirableness.”(Robert Kiely,2003:157)However, Catherine is selfish.

Heathcliff and Cathy are truly love each other, but Catherine can not marry someone like him, just because he has no money. Cathy’s love is very selfish, especially she does not want to others laugh at her and even humiliate her. Whatever the reason is, it all proves that her love is selfish. In this novel----Wuthering Heights, it ever describes the thing and it make we understand by the dialogue between Catherine and the housekeeper at Wuthering Heights---- Mrs. Ellen Dean. As Cathy says：“I’ve no more business to have marry Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven;

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and if the wicked man in there had not brought Heathcliff so low, I shouldn’t have thought of it. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now.”(Bronte,2011:)It is so ruthless that let Heathcliff hear that his lover is going to marry someone else. At the last, Heathcliff decides to leave the Wuthering Heights, because in this place have two people who he hates, a slut and an enemy. He is very angry. 1.2

Adulthood

Heathcliff comes backs to Wuthering Heights, when three years later, which is a

place full of the memories of his whole life either happy or sad. During these three years, he hates deeply Catherine who betrays their pure love and decides to take revenge on her and Edgar Lindon. And he request Edgar’s sister Isabella to marry him, but in fact he dose not love her and cruelly maltreats her. However, at the first sight on Catherine since the separation he forgets all the sorrows at once that Catherine has brought to him, and lovers her deeper than before, he love her truly. And he would rather give up all his revenge as long as she agrees to leave Edgar Lindon and stay with him.Heathcliff loves Cathy very much, but love is dreadful, it can let people be crazy.” He neither spoke nor loosed his hold for some five minutes, during which period he bestowed more kisses than ever he gave in his life before.”(Bronte,2011:129)

His deep love for Catherine is expressed by all his behaviors, and he misses her terribly. And his fist sentence utter sat the meeting：“O Cathy！O my life! How can I bear it?”(Bronte,2011:129)further explains his intensity love for Cathy. “Don’t torture me till I’m as mad as yourself”,” I could as soon forget you as my existence”(130),“I love my murder--but yours! How can I\".(130),these utterances all indicate his strong feelings for Cathy.

With undergoing separation for three years, Cathy still loves Heathcliff very much, but she also hates him very much. So when Heathcliff decide to leave, she is in order to take revenge for Heaghcliff,so she decide to marry Edgar, although she dose not love him at all, it is obvious for readers to see Cathy’s selfish. Even when she died, she also blames that it is Heathcliff who murders her as she says:” You and Edgar have broken my heart”,and“You have killed me”(Bronte,2011:129).Though she loves Heathcliff as herself and can not suffer the bitterness when they parts, but at the same

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time, it is herself who has parted the two only because she wants to have a predominant and rich life and a superior reputation and social status.Then,her selfish make her get punishment as she says as fellows:“I'm tired of being enclosed here. I’m wearing to escape into that glorious world, and to be always there. ”(Bronte,2011:131)And” If I've done wrong, I’m dying for it. It is enough! You left me to.”(Bronte,2011:132) 2.3Reasons for the change

The outside reason and inside reason-----two main reasons for the change of

Catherine's love for Heathcliff. And the inner side of Catherine is bound to the change and while the outside reason that promotes the change.

Social background can have a vastly effect on shaping people's characteristics and no doubt that people's relationship is also built on a certain circumstance, and when the circumstance begin to have changes, the relationship will have a relative change. So it is indispensable for us to understand, the society background of the two's love story.

This story happened in an turbulent society of Victorian times in United Kingdom, when the Industrial Revolution took place there, which produced a vastly influence on the life of people who lived there, even the whole world. And in Victorian times, people lived with a over-strong feeling of reputation and social status and were split into several levels: the upper class, the rising-middle class, and the lowest one the working class. The government decided to make so many laws to protect the interests of the rich, the gap between wealth person and poor workers, and then followed by a conflict between workers and capitalists.Simultaneously,women and proletariat had a low reputation and social status, whose personal interests had been deprived. “At law women were equal to male criminals, madman and minors, in whichever class they were”.(James,2009:49)The middle class were in terrible condition because their wives and daughters had no reputation and social status and rights, they had to leech on to man---father, husband, brother or son for life and became others' puppets. So in their opinion, they think that marriage was the best way to change themselves, only they marry to the rich person, they can obtain high reputation and status easily. As the result, Cathy decides to choose Edgar as her husband who is wealthy and has

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high reputation, in order to get interests, she does not marry Heathcliff forever, although she loves him. Look! This women is very selfish. It was the one's wealth and status that decided the success or failure of one's marriage, which should be well-matched rather than followed by families.(James,2009:49)

If the marriage was against by family, it was more likely to be failure. The youth who loved each other very much and would not abandon each other forever to elope with his or her lover was the last choice. But it is necessary for us to know the elopement means giving up everything forever. They not only had to destroy their own families and forever give up the right of succession for the family and wealth, but also they had to tolerate heavy social pressure.

Elopement and adultery were regarded as a shame, in Victorian times, which would destroy their life by public opinion. In a word, they would live a wretched life, struggling with all the society and public opinion. At the end of owned many rights on marriage that so many people hated it but had no way to work out it. In Victorian times, is well illustrated by the love between Vatherine and Heathcliff in the novel, although the marriage was not arranged or forced, it was still far from being free.

III. Hatred of Heathcliff

3.1 Hatred for the two families

The rich took colossally pride in their success and property; the secular sense of

hierarchy penetrates into the daily life of ordinary people; money and property were nothing but everything, in Victorian times. In literature, the smoky, threatening, and unlucky factory-towns were often represented in religious terms, and compared with hell. The poet William Blake, writing near the turn of nineteenth century, said of England’s” dark Satanic Mills”. As it known to all, feudal thought can master people’s mind, the spirit of human was oppressed gravely, and the humanity was ruthlessly contorted and destroyed. The ill treatments of people around him give birth to Heath cliff’s hatred for the two families.Otherwise,as far as I am concerned that I would rather think that it is the frantic love for Cathy that had let him out of his mind and wants to take revenge for the two families who have mangy things to deal with their separation.

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In Victorian times, this novel’s writer, with rebelling spirit and strong desire of freedom, wrote Wuthering Heights,exposured the evilness of all the society.Hindley and Edgar are the representatives of hierarchy rulers, who distort the soul of Heathcliff by disprising,humiliating and hurting him mercilessly. Finally at the matter of fact,Heathcliff's humanity is badly twisted and at the last Heathcliff becomes mad and moves towards the road of crazy vengeance. The two families are the mirror of the society, so the love tragedy is inevitable. 3.2 Hatred for Catherine

In chapter sixteenth, he curses Catherine for the pain. But it is he himself that

suffers much more pain than Catherine, his only love.Heathcliff was deeply love Cathy, he suffered so many things to love her, but she was very selfish. She was in order to get high status to choose to betray him, she wanted to live a rich and happy live. So Heathcliff begin to hate her. The day before Heathcliff and Catherine know the Lindon family, they live in their private island unchecked and love each other very much. Living among the elegance of the Lintons transforms Catherine from a coarse youth into a delicate lady. And finally she even treats her marriage like this: If she marries Heathcliff she will be a beggar. Even though she is understand that if she leaves Heathcliff that she can not live forever, but peacocks character reminds her of marring Edgar will let her become the richest women in local place. It can be said that the love from Catherine is his only possession. He can survive with Catherine's love even if he loses everything; but he has nothing without Catherine's love.

The temptation of material interests and the bourgeois culture society make her betray her love. It is her transformation and betray that alienate Heathcliff, her soul mate and the love of her life. Catherine’s betray and her marriage with Edgar make Heathcliff lose the source of the life which he has survived on.

IV. Conclusion

Love is the ever-lasting theme in human's society. But the love of the novel was so

painful, not love will make people crazy, no reason, become to let a person very anxious to destroy everything in this world. In that it is a stranded with high social

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status of the Victorian era, love is luxury, because no matter how much love a person, as long as the other humble family, then this love is doomed to end. Others’ thought will ruin all the things, in Victorian age, the woman have no rights. If the women want to live, they must depend on men, if the man give up the family inheritance just due to love, and finally become the poor person, so I think the man will give up this love, because living far more than feelings. Sometimes we can not evaluate what is right or wrong, just like we can never prove it is first the chicken or the egg. The love is very pure, and so many people want to have it, but when we are in trouble----between love and wealth which is more important, most people must choose wealth. We can not say these people is wrong, we can only say them to have realistic character. If we can not have a true love, we maybe choose love, but in the future? I hope everyone have true love, but if we can not master the love in the end, we must not be crazy.

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Works Cited

Bronte,Emily.Wuthering Heights.Nanjing:Yilin press,2011.

James,C.Janet.On Bronte’s Wuthering Heights.USA:Cliffs Notes,Inc,2009 Kiely,Robert.“Wuthering Heights:Emily Bronte.”In The Romantic Novel in

England,Cambridge：Harvard University Press,2003 Glen, Heather.The Cambridge Companion to the Brontes.Shanghai:Shanghai foreign

language education press,2004 Arnold Kettle.An Introduction to the English Novel,Harper (New York)，1960. 艾米丽·勃朗特. 呼啸山庄[M]. 杨苡，译. 南京：江苏人民出版社，1980. 钱青. 英国19世纪文学史[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2006. 杨静远. 勃朗特姐妹研究[M]. 北京：中国社会科学出版社，1983.

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