2001年攻读硕士学位研究生考试 英语语言文学专业 翻译试卷
（三小时完成）
1．Translate the following into English(50%) （注意“.”是代表“顿号”）
（1）中国是世界上历史最悠久的国家之一。中国各族人民共同创造了光辉灿烂的文化，具有光荣的革命传统。
（2）一八四零年以后，封建的中国逐渐变成半殖民地.半封建的国家。中国人民为国家独立.民族解放和民族自由进行了前扑后继的英勇奋斗。
（3）二十世纪，中国发生了翻天覆地的伟大历史变革。
（4）一九一一年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命，废除了封建帝制，创立了中华民国。但是，中国人民反对帝国主义和封建主义的历史任务还没有完成。
（5）一九四九年，以毛泽东主席为领袖的中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在经历了长期的艰难曲折的武装斗争和其他形式的斗争以后，终于推倒了帝国主义.封建主义和官僚资本主义的统治，取得了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利，建立了中华人民共和国。从此，中国人民掌握了国家的权利，成为国家的主人。
（6）中华人民共和国成立以后，我国社会逐步实现了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡。生产资料私有制的社会主义改造已经完成，人剥削人的制度已经消失，社会主义制度已经确立。工人阶级领导的.以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政，实质上即无产阶级专政，得到巩固和发展。中国人民和中国人民解放军战胜了帝国主义.霸权主义的侵略.破坏和武装挑衅，维护了国家的独立和安全，增强了国防。经济建设取得了重大的成就，独立的.比较完善的社会主义工业体系已经基本形成，农业生产显著提高。教育.科学.文化等事业有了很大的发展，社会主义思想教育取得了明显的成就。广大人民的生活有了较大的改善。
（7）中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就，都是中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在马克思列宁主义.毛泽东思想的指引下，坚持真理，修正错误，战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。今后国家的根本任务是集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。中国各族人民将继续在中国共产党领导下，在马克思列宁主义.毛泽东思想指引下，健全社会主义法制，自力更生，艰苦奋斗，逐步实现工业.农业.国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为高度文明.高度民主的社会主义国家。
（8）在我国，剥削阶级作为阶级已经消灭，但是阶级斗争还将在一定范围内长期存在。中国人民对敌视和破坏我国社会主义制度的国内外的敌对势力和敌对分子，必须进行斗争。 （9）台湾是中华人民共和国的神圣领土的一部分。完成统一祖国的大业是包括台湾同胞在内的全国人民的神圣职责。
2.Translate the following into Chinese(50%):
A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.
A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.
Men often discover their affinity to each other by the love they have each for a book---just as two
persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both have for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favourite author. They live in him together, and he in them.
“Books,”said Hazlitt, “wind into the heart; the poet’s verse slides in the current of our blood. We read them when young, we remember them when old. We feel that it has happened to ourselves. They are to be had very cheap and good. We breathe but the air of books.”
A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone,” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts.”
The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angel of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works.
Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.
Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe.
The great and good do not die even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens. Hence we ever remain under the influence of the great men of old. The imperial intellects of the world are as much alive now as they were ages ago.
上海外国语大学
2002年攻读硕士学位研究生考试 英语语言文学专业 翻译试卷
（三小时完成）
1．Translate the following into English(50%)
发展社会主义文化的根本任务，是培养一代又一代有理想.有道德.有文化.有纪律的公民。要坚持以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以高尚的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人。坚持和巩固马克思主义的指导地位，帮助人们树立正确的世界观.人生观和价值观，坚定对马克思主义的信仰.坚定对社会主义的信念.增强对改革开放和现代化建设的信心.增强对党和政府的信任，增强自立意志.竞争意志.效率意志.民主法制意志和开拓创新精神。坚持实施科教兴国战略，进一步普及教育，提高教育素质和全社会的教育水平；大力发展科学文化事业。加强科学知识.科学方法.科学思想.科学精神的宣传教育。唱响社会主义文化的主旋
律，坚持为人民服务.为社会主义服务，实行百花齐放.百家争鸣，是发展先进文化必须贯彻的重要方针。要努力掌握和发展各种现代化传播手段，积极推动先进文化的传播。
加强社会主义思想道德建设，是发展先进文化的重要内容和中心环节。必须认识到，如果只讲物质利益，只讲金钱，不讲理想，不讲道德，人们就会失去共同的奋斗目标，失去行为的正确规范。要把依法治国同以德治国结合起来，为社会保持良好的秩序和风尚营造高尚道德基础。要在全社会倡导爱国主义.集体主义.社会主义思想，反对和抵制拜金主义.享乐主义.极端个人主义等腐朽思想，增强全国人民的民族自尊心.自信心.自豪感，激励他们为振兴中华而不懈奋斗。
2.Translate the following into Chinese(50%): Journey into Old Age By Pat Moore
On a May morning in 1979, I opened the door of my New York City apartment and stepped nervously into the hall. As an 85-year-old woman, I was apprehensive. I extended my cane, feeling carefully for the first step for the stairs. My legs strained awkwardly. One step…two… three…breathe hard… four. After 12 steps, I reached the first landing and leaned against the wall to catch my breath.
So far, so good, I said to myself.
And then I stopped. Was I overdoing it? Would I really get away with this act? For I wasn’t really 85. Underneath the trappings if my aged body was the real me, a 26-year-old woman.
I was pretending to be so much older because I wanted to find out what it is like to be elderly, and to discover firsthand the problems faced by the elderly.
As a start I learned how to “age” myslef--- a complicated procedure requiring four hours. With latex foam giving my face its folds and wrinkles, a heavy fabric binding my body, and a gray wig on my head, I became 60 years older and ready to set forth on my grand adventure.
My destination that first day was a conference on ageing in Columbus, Ohio. Out on the street I tried to signal a cab for the airpot. Taxi after taxi flashed past, all empty. Did they feel that old ladies don’t tip well? Finally one stopped.
At the airline ticket counter, I found myself in a line of young businessmen. “ Good morning, sir.” The agent exclaimed brightly to each one. “ Have a pleasant trip.” When old-lady-me peered up at him through thick spectacles, however, all I got was a look at my ticket, a mutter of “Columbus” and an abrupt “Next.”
The whole purpose of the conference, attended mostly by young professionals, was to study the problem of the elderly. Yet, incredibly, the participants seemed to ignore the only “old lady” in their midst. When one of the young males offered coffee to a group of women, I found myself thinking, what about me? If I were young, he would offer me coffee too.
By day’s end, I was angry. I had been condescended to, ignored, counted out in a way I had never known before. People, I felt, really do judge a book by its cover.
The experience was repeated in my neighborhood drugstore when, as a meek and dowdy old woman, I asked for a stomach medicine. The owner merely jerked a thumb over his shoulder. “Back there, bottom shelf.”
Peering around, I quavered, “Can you help me find it?”
He looked up in annoyance, walked to the shelf and pointed down. I stopped to pick up a bottle and tried to decipher the small type. “Could you please read the directions for me?” I pleaded.
In irritation, he rattled them off, and then dismissed me with, “Okey, that it?” I was afraid to ask him anything more.
The next morning, I returned to the store as confident, 26-year-old Pat Moore.
“Good morning,” the owner greeted me cheerfully. “ How can we help you today?” I used exactly the same words in asking for the stomach medicine.
“Oh,” he said, smiling, “it’s right over here.” Escorting me to the shelf, he kneeled down, picked up a bottle and carefully explained the directions, the sizes in which it came and the prices. Then he rang up the sale and wished me a fine day.
As I walked out of the store my heart cried for the older woman. I could understand how she would become defensive and intimidated.
上海外国语大学
2003年攻读硕士学位研究生考试 英语语言文学专业 翻译试卷
（三小时完成）
Translate the following into English:( 75分)
丁玲幼年就领略了世态炎凉，目睹过封建社会人们悲惨的遭遇。是“五四”运动的浪潮，把她推向广阔的社会。年青时代的丁玲一步入文坛，就显露出非凡的才华。三十年代“左联”时代血与火的洗礼造就了她更坚强的性格。她曾遭受敌人的绑架囚禁，也曾活跃在西北战场的枪林弹雨中。华北农村土地改革的风浪孕育了长篇名著《太阳照在桑干河上》。新中国诞生后，她满腔热情地为繁荣社会主义文艺事业辛勤奔波。
她脚下的路过于崎岖。多次错误的批判，横空飞来的“反党”.“右派”帽子，曾严重地伤害过她。在北大荒，在狱中，在太行山，丁玲顶着巨大的压力，默默无闻地工作着，送走了二十多年的光阴。
然而，谈起往事，丁玲总是说：“我受难的时候，党和人民也在受难”，“我搜索自己的感情，实在找不到更多的抱怨”。 七十五岁时重返文坛，丁玲没有时间为自己的遭遇呻吟叹息。她就像年轻人一样急切地捧出了一枝报春的红杏----《杜晚香》，忘情地投入新的生活和创作。她奔波于大江南北，游历于欧.美.澳大陆，会见各种人，发表演说，奋笔疾书，写散文，写评论，每年都有十多万字的新作，每年都有新书问世。晚年的丁玲，迎来了一个宝贵的创作的旺盛期。她珍惜夕阳的余辉，计划在有生之年再写三本书：《魍魉地狱》.《在严寒的日子里》和《风雪人间》。她要把自己一生几个重要时期的经历和感受，把对人民的爱，对敌人的恨，都熔入笔端倾泻在新作中。
2.Translate the following into Chinese (75分)： What’s Your Best Time of Day?
Most of us seem to reach our peak of alertness around noon. Soon after that, alertness declines, and sleepingness may set in by mid-afternoon.
Your short-term memory is best during the morning--- in fact, about 15 percent more efficient than at any other time of day. So, students, take heed: when faced with a morning exam, it really does pay to review your notes right before the test is given
Long-term memory is different. Afternoon is the best time for learning material that you want to
recall days, weeks or months later. Politicians, business executives or others who must learn speeches would be smart to do their memorizing during that time of day.If you are a student, you would be wise to schedule your more difficult classes in the afternoon, rather than in the morning. You should also try to do most of your studying in the afternoon, rather than late at night. Many students believe they memorize better while burning the midnight oil because their short-term memory won’t help them much several days later, when they face the exam.
By contrast, we tend to do best on cognitive tasks---things that require the juggling of words and figures in one’s head---during the morning hours. This might be a good time, say, to balance a checkbook.
You manual dexterity---the speed and coordination with which you perform complicated tasks with your hands---peaks during the afternoon hours. Such work as carpentry, typing or sewing will be a little easier at this time of day.
What about sports? During afternoon and early evening, your coordination is at its peak, and you’re able to react the quickest to an outside stimulus---like a baseball speeding toward you at home plate. Studies have also shown that late in the day, when your body temperature is peaking, you will perceive a physical workout to be easier and les fatiguing---whether it actually is or not. That means you are more likely to work harder during a late afternoon or early evening workout, and therefore benefit more from it. Studies involving swimmers, runners, shot-putters and rowing crews have shown consistently that performance is better in the evening than in the morning.
In fact, all of your sences---taste, sight, hearing, touch and smell---may be at their keenest during late afternoon and early evening. That could be why dinner usually tastes better to us than breakfast and why night lights irritate us.
Even our perception of time changes from hour to hour. Not only does time seem to fly when you’re having fun, but it also seems to fly even faster if you are having that fun in the late afternoon or early evening, when your body temperature is also peaking.
While all of us follow the same general pattern of ups and downs, the exact timing varies from person to person. It all depends on how your “biological” day is structured---how much of a morning or night person you are. The earlier your biological day gets going, the earlier you are likely to enter---and exit---the peak times for performing various tasks. An extreme morning person and an extreme night person may have circadian cycles that are a few hours apart.
Each of us can increase our knowledge about our individual rhythms. Learn how to listen to the inner beats of your body; let them set the pace of your day. You will live a healthier--- and happier---life.
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