初中英语语法总结——动词的时态
英语的时态主要体现在谓语动词上,用谓语动词的不同形式来表示。其意义主要是说明动作、状态发生的时间。下面我们分别来讲解:
(一) 一般现在时
1、一般现在时的用法
一般现在时主要用在以下几种情况下:
1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如时间状语: every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday等,例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
(注:这种情况不会随时间的变化而变化,是客观存在的真理,所以用一般现在时就可以,不必使用其他时态。)
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:2)、3)的用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。(分析:此句中that the earth is round是一个句子,作为大句子中proved的宾语,因此这个句子叫做宾语从句,而Columbus proved……为主句。可以看出,主句是用的过去时,而从句却用了一般现在时,因为从句是描述的一个永恒不变的真理,不随时间变化。)
4)表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不想要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
2、一般现在时在使用时要注意“三单形式”的变化。
即动词的主语为第三人称“他、她、它或针对一个人的人名、称呼等”(如he、she、it、Li Ming、My sister等) 的时候,动词要用第三人称单数形式。
三单动词的变化规则:
(1)一般情况下,直接加-s。
(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es。
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es。
3、一般现在时用法专练:
(1) 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
(2)用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1)He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2) Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3)We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4) Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5) ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6)What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7) _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8) The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9) She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10)There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11) Mike _______(like) cooking.
12)They _______(have) the same hobby.
13) My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14) You always _______(do) your homework well.
15) I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16)She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17)Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18) The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19)Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20)-What day _______(be) it today? It’s Saturday.
(3)按照要求改写句子
1) Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
2)I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3) She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)
_______________________________________________________
4) Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
5) We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6) He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
7) I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8) John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________
9) She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10) Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
(4) 改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
1) Is your brother speak English? __________________
2) Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3) He likes play games after class. __________________
4) Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5) She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________
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