《近代汉语语法资料汇编

《近代汉语语法资料汇编·宋代卷》论文：《近代汉语语法资

料汇编·宋代卷》 近代汉语 动态助词

【中文摘要】动态助词的产生、发展研究一直是近代汉语研究的重要内容,要明确认识各个动态助词的变化发展历程及使用特点,就需要做系统的断代研究,从而观察其整体的变化规律。《近代汉语语法资料汇编·宋代卷》是宋代最具代表性的白话资料,语料充分反映了当代语言的真实面貌,具有很高的研究价值,是近代汉语史研究不可缺少的语料。本文以《近代汉语语法资料汇编·宋代卷》为研究对象,对动态助词进行穷尽式的搜索和分析,收集它们所在的句子,并根据它们在具体句子中的句法结构和语法意义统计其在本书的使用数量、句法形式,分析它们在不同语境中的语法意义,从而总结各动态助词在宋代的使用特点,为汉语史的发展研究提供一些佐证。本文共分五大部分,分别阐述本论题的研究价值、研究现状、研究方法;对《近代汉语语法资料汇编·宋代卷》中典型的动态助词从句法结构及语法意义两方面进行个体研究;针对七个助词进行综合研究;与《祖堂集》中动态助词进行比较分析和结语。经过详尽的统计与分析,我们发现《近代汉语语法资料汇编·宋代卷》中主要的动态助词有“将、得、着、过、了、却、取”七个。其中助词“将”多用于“动+将+(宾)+补”形式,有两种语法意义,一是表示动作完成实现或获得某种结果,一是表示动作的持续;助词“得”的用例丰富,有四种句法结构,两种语法意义,主要表示动作的完成;“着”的使用频率高、范围广,主要表示

动作或状态的持续,表示动作完成结束的语例占少数,集中体现于“动+着+宾”形式;“过”表示动作完成、曾经做过的事情或已有的经验三种意义,与现代汉语“过”的语法意义相同,第一种用法比较常见,本书中用于“动+过”和“动+过+宾”两种形式中;“了”在本书的句法形式复杂多样,多数语例用于表示动作的完成;“却”和“取”两个助词均使用不多,用法及功能简单,呈现萎缩趋势。另外,我们发现《近代汉语语法资料汇编·宋代卷》中同一种语法意义可以由不同的动态助词来表达,它们在语法意义和功能上存在交叉现象。说明此时动态助词的发展并不完善,尚处于调整规范阶段。

【英文摘要】The research on the generation and development of the dynamic auxiliary word has been an important part of the Chinese Study.To have a clear understanding of the change and features of the dynamic auxiliary word in the course of development,we need to do dating system research to observe the changes of the overall. “ The compilation of modern Chinese grammar·Song Volume “ is the most representative vernacular in the Dynasty Song.It fully reflects the true face of contemporary language.It has high research value and it’s indispensable in modern Chinese history corpus.In this paper, “The compilation of Modern Chinese Grammar ? Song Volume “ as the research object, we conduct exhaustive search and analysis on the dynamic auxiliary word, collect sentences which they are

located,statistics the number and the syntactic form according to syntactic structure of sentences and grammatical meaning in the specific sentences,analyze their grammatical meaning in different contexts,to summarize the features of aspect particle in the Dynasty Song, and to provide some evidence for the development of Chinese history.This article is divided into five parts,study of this topic are described value, current situation, research methods.We carry out individual studies on the typical dynamic auxiliary word in “ The compilation of modern Chinese grammar ? Song Volume “ from the sentence structure and grammar,then we carry out comprehensive study of the seven auxiliary words. We compare dynamic auxiliary words in“Zu Tang Ji”with those in “The compilation of modern Chinese grammar ? Song Volume “,and draw the characteristics of auxiliary words.After detailed statistics and analysis, we found that there are seven main dynamic auxiliary words in “ The compilation of modern Chinese grammar ? Song Volume “. The dynamic auxiliary word “Jiang” is used in the form of “Verb + Jiang + (Object)+complement”. There are four syntactic structure and two grammatical meaning,it mainly expresses the completion of the action.“Zhe”has high frequency use and wide range.it mainly expresses the continuing action

or state. The examples which express the action completed are in the minority,embodied in the form of

“verb+Zhe+Philippines”.“Guo”expresses that the action is completed,or have done something or had the experience.It has the same grammar meaning with“Zhe”in modern Chinese.It is used in the forms“verb+ Guo”and“verb+ Guo +object”. The synatax of“Le”is complex and diverse,and most examples used to indicate that the action has been completed. The dynamic auxiliary words“Que”and“Qu”are used less,and the functions and use are simple.They shows shrinking trend.In addition, we found that the same grammatical meaning can be expressed in different dynamic auxiliary words in “ The compilation of modern Chinese grammar ? Song Volume “.There is the phenomenon of cross in the grammatical meaning and fuction of the auxiliary words. In Dynasty Song,the development of dynamic auxiliary words is not perfect, and it’s still in the adjustment stage. There are two grammatical meanings, one is that some kind of action is completed or the result is achieved, anther one is that the action continues. The dynamic auxiliary word “De”is in the rich use,

【关键词】《近代汉语语法资料汇编·宋代卷》 近代汉语 动态助词

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【说明】本文仅为中国学术文献总库合作提供，无涉版权。作者如有异议请与总库或学校联系。

【英文关键词】”The compilation of modern Chinese grammar·Song Volume “ Modern Chinese The dynamic auxiliary word

【目录】《近代汉语语法资料汇编·宋代卷》动态助词研究中文摘要4-5

ABSTRACT5-6

第一章 绪论9-14

第一节 语料介

绍及其价值9-10一、宋代语料介绍9-10二、《近代汉语语法资

第三节 研究意

料汇编》介绍及价值10义12

第二节 研究概况10-12

第四节 研究内容及方法12-14第二章 动态助词个体研一、“将”的历史演变

究14-3814

第一节 动态助词“将”14-19

二、“将”的语法分布14-17（一） 动+将（+宾）+趋向补

（三） 动1+将+动2

第二

语14-16（二） 动1+将+宾+动216-17

（趋向补语或其他成分）17节 动态助词“得”19-22+得+宾19-20补21-22

三、“将”的语法意义17-19

一、“得”的语法分布19-22（一） 动

（二） 动1+得（+动2）20-21（三） 动+得+

二、语法意义22第三节 动态助词“着”22-27二、“着”的语法分布及语法意义（二） 动+着+宾24-26

（三） 动

一、“着”的历史演变22-2323-27

（一） 动+着23-24

1+着+动226-27史演变27-28

第四节 动态助词“过”27-30二、动态助词“过1”28-29

一、“过”的历

三、动态助词“过2”

29-30第五节 动态助词“了”30-34一、“了”的历史演变30（一） 动+了130-31

（四） 动

二、“了”的语法分布及语法意义30-34（二） 动+了1+宾31-32+了1+补32

（三） 动+补+了（+宾）32

（五） 形+了1（+宾）32-33（六） 特殊句式中

第七节 动态第一节 语

的“了1”33-34助词“取”35-38法结构38-40

第六节 动态助词“却”34-35第三章 动态助词综合研究38-43

第二节 语法意义40-43

第五章 结语45-46

第四章 与《祖堂集》动参考文献46-48

致

态助词的比较43-45谢48